Why Red-Flowering Currant Thrives in Seattle, the Eastside, and Camano Island Gardens Red-flowering currant in full bloom in a Camano Island landscape. Photo © Lakamas Landscape Design The First Bright Signal of Spring One of the most recognizable signals of early spring in Seattle and on Camano Island is the gradual appearance of pendulous pink flowers on red-flowering currant ( Ribes sanguineum ). In late winter the branches still appear bare. Then, slowly but steadily, clusters of deep rose blossoms emerge along the stems, hanging like small chandeliers in the garden. In many landscapes, red-flowering currant begins blooming as early as February and continues through March, often overlapping with other early natives such as osoberry and bitter cherry. At a time when much of the landscape is only beginning to wake, these flowers bring structure, color, and movement back into the garden. A Native Shrub That Supports Early Wildlife Red-flowering currant also plays an important ecological role in Pacific Northwest gardens. The tubular blossoms are especially attractive to Anna's hummingbird , which often begin nesting in late winter in western Washington. At this time of year nectar sources are still limited, making early-blooming shrubs particularly valuable. Native bees also visit the flowers, including bumblebee queens emerging from winter dormancy. Later in the season, the shrub produces berries eaten by songbirds, while its branching structure provides shelter within the garden. Plants like this illustrate an important ecological principle: when leaves show a little nibbling from insects, it usually means the garden is functioning as habitat. If the appearance bothers you, trim the worst leaves and step back ten or fifteen feet before deciding there is a problem. From that distance, the garden usually looks exactly as it should. The Hidden Insect Relationships Like many native shrubs, red-flowering currant also supports the garden food web in inconspicuous ways. Several native moth species use currants ( Ribes)  as a host plant for their caterpillars, particularly inchworm-like larvae of geometer moths that feed on the leaves. These caterpillars become important food for nesting songbirds in spring. Designing with Red-Flowering Currant For landscape designers, red-flowering currant plays an especially valuable role because it bridges ecological function and garden beauty. The shrub typically grows 8–12 feet tall , forming an open vase shape that works especially well along woodland edges, mixed shrub borders, and the transition between cultivated garden space and natural areas. In residential landscapes across Seattle, Bellevue, and the islands of Puget Sound, it pairs beautifully with other early bloomers such as: Osoberry (Oemleria cerasiformis) Bitter Cherry (Prunus emarginata) Giant White or Oregon Fawn Lily (Erythronium oregonum) Together, they create a layered spring sequence that supports wildlife while producing a garden that feels lively months before most ornamental shrubs begin to flower. Red-flowering currant also tolerates partial shade and relatively dry summer conditions once established, making it a reliable structural shrub for Pacific Northwest gardens. Red-flowering currant leaves starting the change to fall color in a Seattle landscape. Photo © Lakamas Landscape Design A Plant that Signals the Season Every region has plants that quietly mark the turning of the year. In the maritime Pacific Northwest, red-flowering currant is one of them. Its blossoms appear just as winter loosens its grip, feeding hummingbirds, supporting early pollinators, and bringing color to the garden when it is needed most. Later, in the fall, its leaves turn colorful shades ranging from gold to red. In a thoughtfully designed landscape, plants like red-flowering currants do more than decorate a space, they connect the garden to the rhythms of the region. Creating Landscapes That Belong to This Place Thoughtfully designed landscapes can support birds, pollinators, and seasonal beauty at the same time. If you are planning a garden in Seattle, Camano Island, or the surrounding Puget Sound region , we would be happy to help you design a landscape that brings artistry and ecology together. Copyright © 2026 Lakamas Landscape Design. All text and photographs are the property of Lakamas Landscape Design unless otherwise credited.

Working With a Winter-Wet, Summer-Dry Climate A Blue Blossom Ceanothus ( Ceanothus thrsiflorus ) Some of the most challenging planting areas in Seattle, Camano Island, and the Eastside are the ones that seem like they should be straightforward: sandy strips along driveways, rocky slopes, or dry, exposed areas that never seem to hold water. The instinct is to fix them. Add compost. Improve the soil. Build it up until it can support more plants. And in many situations, that is the right approach. But in a winter-wet, summer-dry climate, there are conditions where another strategy can lead to better long-term results: Rather than improving the soil, we can choose plants adapted to both the soil and the seasonal pattern of moisture. A Climate That Shapes the Soil Western Washington is defined by a strong seasonal contrast: Wet winters Dry summers In lean, fast-draining soils—common in coastal areas like Camano Island and in parts of Seattle and the Eastside—this pattern is amplified. These soils: Drain quickly in winter Dry out rapidly in summer Hold relatively little organic matter But structurally, they are functioning as expected - they are simply lean - and in the right context, highly functional. In many cases, these conditions are already present in the landscape. Sandy, gravelly, or rocky soils shaped by site history and climate can support stable plantings when they are recognized and planted accordingly. Two Valid Approaches—Different Outcomes There are two established ways to approach planting in these conditions: Improving the soil  increases water retention, fertility, and biological activity. This supports a wider range of plants and is appropriate in many situations, particularly where consistent moisture and productivity are desired. Matching plants to the soil and climate  relies on selecting species adapted to rapid winter drainage and summer dryness. In these conditions, this approach can reduce irrigation, limit inputs, and result in more stable plantings over time. Both approaches are valid; the distinction lies in recognizing when the existing soil and climate already align with plant adaptation. This approach is central to planting design, where long-term performance is shaped as much by site conditions as by plant selection. When Water Becomes the Problem In a winter-wet climate, plant failure is often linked not to drought, but to excess moisture—especially when soils are amended or irrigation is added. Plants such as Blue Blossom ( Ceanothus sp.) , Pacific madrone ( Arbutus menziesii ), Lewisia , Eryngium , and even native species like large-leaf lupine ( Lupinus polyphyllus ) are adapted to: Fast-draining soils Low to moderate fertility Dry summer conditions When those conditions are altered, problems begin: Roots remain wet longer than they are adapted to tolerate Oxygen levels in the soil decrease Fungal pathogens, particularly root rot, become more active For many of these plants, the combination of warmth and moisture is more limiting than drought . This is why summer irrigation, once plants are established, is often not recommended for species such as Ceanothus . Extending soil moisture into warm periods creates conditions these plants are not adapted to withstand. In the case of lupine, plants may persist briefly but often decline over time in amended or irrigated soils, particularly where drainage is reduced. Seasonal Moisture and Native Bulbs Native bulbs follow this same seasonal pattern. Species such as camas ( Camassia ) and chocolate lily ( Fritillaria affinis ) are adapted to: Moist soils in winter and spring Dry conditions during summer dormancy When soils are amended to retain moisture—or when summer irrigation is applied—this cycle is disrupted. Bulbs may rot, fail to return, or gradually decline. For many of these species, summer irrigation is not recommended , as it prolongs soil moisture during a period when the bulbs are adapted to dry conditions. Common Camas ( Camassia quamash ). Photo by Walter Siegmund (talk) Structure and Stability in Lean Soils Grasses adapted to well-drained soils help reinforce these systems and provide structure over time. Species such as Roemer’s fescue ( Festuca roemeri ) and blue oat grass ( Helictotrichon sempervirens ) tend to maintain stronger form in lean soils. In richer or more heavily irrigated conditions, many grasses produce softer, less stable growth. In lean soils, they remain more compact and durable, helping maintain the intended structure of the planting. Soil, Weeds, and Inputs Adding organic matter improves growing conditions broadly—not only for desired plants, but also for weeds. Increased fertility and moisture can support faster germination and growth, often increasing maintenance over time. Lean soils do not eliminate weeds, but they tend to limit the range of species that can establish easily, particularly those adapted to consistent moisture and higher fertility. Environmental and Economic Considerations Soil amendment is also a resource decision. Compost and topsoil require processing, transportation, and labor to install. Because these materials are heavy, delivery and handling can represent a significant portion of both cost and environmental impact. In many landscapes, amendments also require ongoing replenishment. Designing with existing soil conditions can reduce material use, transportation, and long-term inputs. It does not eliminate cost, but it shifts investment toward plant selection and design rather than repeated material additions. When This Approach Works This approach is most effective where: Soils are sandy, gravelly, or rocky Drainage is rapid Sites receive full to part sun Summer irrigation is limited or avoided It is less appropriate where: Soils are compacted or poorly drained Consistent moisture is required High-input planting is expected In practice, applying this approach requires careful evaluation of soil, exposure, and plant compatibility—something that benefits from a clear planting design approach . Designing With Climate and Soil In a winter-wet, summer-dry climate, soil and season work together. In lean, fast-draining soils, the goal is not to correct a deficiency, but to recognize a condition shaped by both structure and climate. When plant selection aligns with both, landscapes tend to be more stable, require fewer inputs, and perform more reliably over time. Soil, in this context, is not something to improve—it is something to understand, and to design with. Designing a Garden That Works With Your Site In Seattle, Camano Island, and the Eastside, soil and climate often provide clearer direction than we expect. If you’re planning a landscape and want to work with those conditions—rather than override them—we design gardens that are grounded in site, season, and long-term performance. For more seasonal insights, explore the blog. To discuss your project, start here: Big Leaf Lupine ( Lupinus polyphyllus ) in the landscape. Photo © by Lakamas Landscape Design Copyright © 2026 Lakamas Landscape Design. All text and photographs are the property of Lakamas Landscape Design unless otherwise credited.

Pacific Chorus frogs thrive in seasonal wetlands, filling late winter nights with their unmistakable calls. Photo credit Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Introduction If you’ve ever paused in the damp twilight of a Seattle or Camano Island garden and heard a voice far larger than the creature producing it, you’ve been in the company of the Pacific Chorus frog  ( Pseudacris regilla ). This tiny amphibian is a signature species of Cascadia’s soundscape, adaptable, charming, and astonishingly resilient. In this post, we explore where they live, how they overwinter, how to encourage the vernal pools they adore, and what these frogs contribute to an ecologically vibrant landscape. Where Pacific Chorus Frogs Live Pacific Chorus frogs occupy a remarkable range of habitats: wet meadows, forest edges, marshes, suburban backyards, and even container-style mini-wetlands. They spend much of the year traveling through leaf litter and shrub layers, using the cool, shaded textures of naturalistic gardens as safe pathways. In the Pacific Northwest, especially near Seattle and Camano Island, they are strongly associated with vernal pools —shallow, seasonal rain-fed basins that fill in fall and winter and recede as days warm. Vernal Pool at UC Berkley Botanical Garden. Photo by Mike Moser When Pacific Chorus Frogs Become Active in Seattle and Camano Island In Western Washington, the first voices of the Pacific chorus frog often return earlier than many gardeners expect. On mild, rainy evenings in late winter, their clear, rhythmic calls can begin to ripple through seasonal wetlands, roadside ditches, and low areas of residential landscapes that hold shallow standing water. Activity does not follow a fixed calendar. Instead, frogs respond to a combination of warming nighttime temperatures, increasing day length, and extended periods of rainfall. In the Seattle and Camano Island region, the earliest calling may begin in late January or February , with the most consistent breeding choruses typically heard from February through March.  In cooler or more exposed sites, this timing can shift later. In sheltered urban gardens or maritime microclimates, it may arrive slightly sooner. This variation is part of what makes Pacific chorus frogs such sensitive indicators of landscape function. Their presence often reflects the availability of temporary winter water , an ecological condition that has slowly disappeared from many developed environments. Shallow seasonal pooling, slow-draining soils, and gently graded low points can create opportunities for breeding that last only weeks, yet play an important role in supporting local amphibian populations. By spring, as temperatures rise and standing water recedes, calling gradually diminishes and tadpoles continue developing in protected aquatic pockets. The brief window of sound and activity can pass almost unnoticed, but it represents a meaningful seasonal transition in the ecological life of the garden. For designers and homeowners alike, listening for these early choruses offers insight into how landscapes perform beyond their visual composition. Gardens that acknowledge winter hydrology, subtle topography, and the timing of regional weather patterns can support wildlife in ways that are both intentional and enduring. Fun Facts State Frog of Washington You Can Hear Them Before You Ever See Them Despite their tiny size, Pacific Chorus frogs are loud enough to be heard from hundreds of feet away—sometimes even with the windows closed. A Pacific tree frog, also known as a Pacific chorus frog, sitting on a sunflower leaf stem, Nanoose Bay British Columbia. Photo by Kevin JF Martin How They Overwinter Shallow Refuge They slip into natural crevices beneath stones, logs, and soil. They do not dig deep burrows. Freeze Tolerance Their bodies use natural cryoprotectants that protect vital organs even when temperatures dip below freezing. Moisture + Cover Duff, mulch, and layered vegetation create the humid microclimates they depend on. What They Need from a Garden 1. A Seasonal Wet Spot (Vernal Pool Potential) Most homeowners don’t want a formal pond, and Pacific Chorus frogs don’t need one. They are specialists in temporary water , the seasonal wetlands that appear and disappear each year. Ways to encourage a natural vernal pool: Honor natural low spots  instead of aggressively draining them. Remove turf, not soil , to improve infiltration. Create a broad, shallow depression  just 2–6 inches deep. Avoid liners  so water can slowly infiltrate, mimicking natural pools Let leaf litter gather , enriching the basin and sheltering eggs. Plant wet-tolerant natives , such as: Slough sedge  ( Carex obnupta ) Small-fruited bulrush  ( Scirpus microcarpus ) Douglas’ spirea  ( Spiraea douglasii ) Pacific willow  ( Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra ) Hardhack  ( Spiraea douglasii var. menziesii ) Seasonal wet areas help frogs breed while preventing fish—which eat eggs—from establishing. When Tadpoles Can Survive Without a Pool Pacific Chorus frog tadpoles develop quickly, perfectly attuned to the rhythm of seasonal water. Typical Timeline in Seattle & Camano Island Eggs hatch:  7–14 days after being laid (usually February–April) Active tadpole stage:  6–12 weeks Metamorphosis:  April–June Froglets leave the pool:  late May through mid-July The Critical Milestone Tadpoles can survive without a pool once they have: all four legs a mostly resorbed tail, and transitioned to breathing air. This fully metamorphosed stage allows them to disperse into moist vegetation and shaded garden areas. What This Means for Gardeners If your vernal pool dries by late spring or early summer , it typically syncs with metamorphosis. Drying too early can interrupt development, but a pool that lasts into early summer usually supports the entire life cycle. This elegant timing is one of the triumphs of Pacific Northwest amphibian ecology. 2. Layered Plantings (Their Highway System) Salal  ( Gaultheria shallon )• Red huckleberry  ( Vaccinium parvifolium )• Oregon grape  ( Mahonia aquifolium )• Sword fern  ( Polystichum munitum ) 3. Safe Travel Corridors Mixed shrub borders and soft edges help them move through a landscape unobserved. 4. A Light Touch on Chemicals (or None) Their skin absorbs everything. A chemical-heavy garden is effectively a no-entry zone. 5. Microhabitats, Not Perfection Rotting logs, rocks set into soil, messy corners, and leaf piles offer essential shelter. The Reward: Their Nighttime Chorus Supporting habitat for Pacific Chorus frogs comes with a vivid seasonal payoff: their unmistakable evening singing . When They Sing First calls may begin late January  in mild winters. Peak singing occurs February through April . In cool, shaded areas near lingering water, calling may continue into early June . Their sharp, rhythmic “kreck-ek-ek” calls transform dusk into a kind of shimmering acoustical tapestry, one of the great sensory rewards of gardening with ecology in mind. The Benefits of Pacific Chorus Frogs 1. Natural Pest Control Adults eat mosquitoes, flies, beetles, spiders, and small insects. Tadpoles filter organic material and help keep water clearer. 2. Indicators of Ecological Health They are sensitive to toxins and water quality, making their presence a sign of a clean, functioning garden ecosystem. 3. Food-Web Support They support native predators such as garter snakes ( Thamnophis  spp.), certain birds, and small mammals. 4. Soil + Hydrology Benefits By inhabiting moist zones, they help balance insect populations and contribute to nutrient cycling. 5. Joy and Seasonal Markers Their songs signal winter’s loosening grip. They create a soundscape unique to the Pacific Northwest. Why Vernal Pools Matter Vernal pools provide a fish-free, seasonal nursery—exactly what these frogs need. Even a small pool can meaningfully increase biodiversity in a residential garden. Pacific Chorus Frog in a vernal pool. Photo by Teal Waterstradt, NSFWS A Personal Note Frogs were some of the first creatures to spark my fascination with the living world. As a child, I spent summers at a lake in Saskatchewan where they seemed to occupy every inch of shoreline and water—darting through reeds, sunning on rocks, announcing themselves from dusk to dark. And then, over just a few years, they vanished. Habitat loss, water quality issues, disease, drought, and a tightening web of stressors swept through, and they never returned. Later, in suburban Vancouver, I welcomed tree frogs into my own garden—tiny ambassadors of a thriving landscape. But even there, their presence faded. It’s been years since I’ve seen one. Perhaps that’s why designing gardens that support wildlife feels so meaningful. Each project becomes a small act of restoration, a way of stitching back some of what’s been unraveled. And as I continue creating spaces that hold water, shelter, texture, and life, I look forward to the day the frogs return and the garden begins to sing again. Build a Garden That Sings Dreaming of a wildlife-friendly garden on Seattle or Camano Island? We create landscapes where artistry meets ecology, weaving habitat into gardens of every scale. If you’re curious about integrating vernal pools, natural hydrology, or wildlife-friendly design, we would be delighted to help. Resources for Further Learning Pacific Chorus Frogs Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife Amphibian Guide Burke Museum: Amphibians of Washington Northwest Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife: Living with Wildlife BC Reptiles and Amphibians Animal Spot Vernal Pools Vernal Pool Flora of the Pacific Northwest State of Washington Department of Ecology: Wetlands Through the Seasons National Wildlife Federation, "Vernal Pools Make Your Garden Sing" Vernal Pools at University of California Botanical Garden Ecological Landscape Alliance:   Strategies to Protect Vernal Pools in the Built Environment: Raising Awareness Where to Find Tree Frogs? Check out The Tree Frog Trail at Magnusson Park in Seattle in the early spring. Please add to the comments below if you know of other great and easily accessible places to find them in our greater Cascadia region. Magnusson Park wetlands in Seattle is a wonderful place to hear Pacific Chorus Frogs. Photo uncredited.

Early Spring Pollinators Every Landscape Should Welcome LAKAMAS | WILDLIFE BY DESIGN Blue orchard mason bee ( Osmia lignaria ) Photo credit: USDA Forest Service Mason Bees in Seattle and Camano Island Gardens: How to Support These Early Spring Pollinators Each spring, before most people notice the garden waking up, mason bees are already at work. These small, metallic blue native bees emerge in late winter and early spring, often appearing just as the first hellebores, crocuses, and flowering shrubs begin to bloom. Unlike honeybees, mason bees are solitary and incredibly efficient pollinators. A single female can visit thousands of flowers in her short life. For gardens across Seattle and Camano Island, mason bees are among the most valuable pollinators we can support. But they also rely heavily on thoughtful landscape design. Their success depends on early flowers, nesting habitat, and a garden that provides resources during the brief window when they are active. Understanding how they live helps us design landscapes that welcome them. Mason Bees: Tiny but Powerful Pollinators Mason bees (genus Osmia ) are native to North America and play a major role in pollinating early-season plants. They are particularly effective because of the way they collect pollen. Unlike honeybees, which pack pollen neatly into baskets on their legs, mason bees carry pollen loosely on hairs beneath their abdomen. As they move from flower to flower, pollen spreads easily, making them extremely efficient pollinators. In fact, one mason bee can pollinate as effectively as many honeybees. They are especially important for: • fruit trees such as apples, cherries, and plums • early flowering shrubs like currants and Indian plum • spring perennials and woodland plants For gardens designed with ecological planting in mind, they become a key part of the early spring ecosystem. Their Remarkable Life Cycle Mason bees live a brief but fascinating life. Adults emerge in early spring when temperatures begin to warm. Males appear first, followed shortly by females. After mating, each female begins the process of building a nest. Unlike social bees, mason bees work alone. They search for narrow cavities such as hollow stems, insect holes in wood, or small tubes in bee houses. Inside these chambers, the female creates a series of nesting cells. Each cell contains: • a mixture of pollen and nectar • a single egg • a wall of mud used to seal the chamber This use of mud gives mason bees their name. Once the nest is complete, the female dies. The larvae develop through summer and autumn, overwinter inside the nest, and emerge the following spring to begin the cycle again. What Mason Bees Need From a Garden Mason bees thrive when landscapes provide three essential elements. Early-season flowers Because mason bees are active primarily in early spring, they rely heavily on plants that bloom during this window. Important nectar and pollen sources include: • flowering currant ( Ribes sanguineum ) • Indian plum ( Oemleria cerasiformis ) • Oregon grape ( Mahonia nervosa  and Mahonia aquifolium ) • fruit tree blossoms • hellebores • early bulbs such as crocus Gardens designed with layered early bloom provide a reliable food supply during the short period when mason bees are active. Nesting habitat Mason bees require small cavities for nesting. In natural landscapes, these may include: • hollow plant stems • beetle holes in dead wood • cracks in bark or wood Many gardeners provide mason bee houses, which can be helpful when designed and maintained properly. These structures mimic the narrow tunnels mason bees use in nature. However, they should be cleaned or replaced each year to prevent disease buildup. Leaving some stems standing through winter and incorporating natural wood elements into the landscape also supports nesting habitat. A mason bee hotel. Photo credit: Richard Little A healthy garden ecosystem Like many beneficial insects, mason bees thrive in gardens that avoid pesticide use and include a diversity of plants. Designing landscapes with seasonal layers of bloom supports not only mason bees but a wider community of pollinators. Early bees are followed by bumblebees, butterflies, and other native species as the season progresses. The result is a garden that functions as a living ecological system rather than simply a decorative planting. Mason Bees and Garden Design When we think about pollinators, many people imagine summer flowers filled with butterflies and bees. But ecological landscapes begin much earlier in the year. Designing for early spring pollinators means considering: • flowering shrubs that bloom in late winter and early spring • layered woodland plantings • natural nesting habitat • plant diversity across seasons These elements create landscapes that support wildlife while also bringing early seasonal interest to the garden. For many homeowners, the appearance of mason bees in spring becomes one of the first signs that the landscape is coming back to life. Designing Gardens That Support Pollinators Pollinator-friendly gardens do not happen by accident. They are the result of thoughtful design that considers plants, habitat, and seasonal timing. At Lakamas Landscape Design, we approach landscapes as living systems. By combining strong design structure with ecological planting, we create gardens that support pollinators, birds, and other wildlife while remaining beautiful and functional for the people who live there. Thoughtful planting choices can transform a landscape into a place where both people and wildlife thrive. Interested in creating a garden that supports pollinators and wildlife? Explore our landscape design services for Seattle and Camano Island. A mason bee on an early spring blossom. Photo credit: Art Antonelli Interested in learning more about mason bees? https://bees.wsu.edu/pollinators/ https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/pollinators/pollinator-of-the-month/mason_bees.shtml https://nwcore.org/Downloads/CORE-OMB%20Workshop%20Handout.pdf

Healthy habitat for wildlife. Photo © Lakamas Landscape Design Supporting Birds Without Creating Pest Habitat Wildlife-friendly gardens are often described as natural or loosely planted spaces. In practice, the difference between a garden that supports birds and one that unintentionally creates pest habitat comes down to design. In Seattle and on Camano Island, residential landscapes sit alongside forests, shorelines, and greenbelts. Because of this proximity to natural systems, garden design can influence which species thrive nearby. Thoughtful planting can support birds, pollinators, and other beneficial wildlife while still creating a beautiful and functional landscape for the people who live there. Wildlife Habitat vs Pest Habitat A wildlife-supportive garden strengthens ecological relationships by providing food, shelter, and seasonal continuity. Plants play a central role because they support insects. Leaves feed caterpillars and other herbivorous insects, nectar supports pollinators, and seeds and berries feed birds later in the season. Research by entomologist Douglas Tallamy shows that most songbirds rely heavily on insects to raise their young. Even birds that eat seeds as adults feed caterpillars to nestlings because they provide the protein needed for growth. A pair of chickadees may gather thousands of caterpillars to raise a single brood. In many Pacific Northwest gardens, those caterpillars originate from the leaves of native trees and shrubs such as willows ( Salix ), serviceberry ( Amelanchier ), and red-flowering currant ( Ribes sanguineum ). By contrast, landscapes that provide shelter without supporting the food web often favor nuisance species rather than beneficial wildlife. When Good Intentions Go Sideways: The Ivy Example English ivy is often planted for evergreen coverage and erosion control, but in the Puget Sound region it frequently creates habitat problems. Dense ivy can: • conceal rodent burrows • create hidden travel corridors • connect ground cover to rooflines and structure s• displace native plants that support insects and birds While ivy provides cover, it contributes little to the regional food web compared with native shrubs and trees. Over time it can simplify the ecosystem while creating ideal hiding space for rodents. An all too familiar sight in the Pacific Northwest Why Rodents Favor Dense Groundcover Rodents look for environments that offer protection and easy movement. Dense, undisturbed cover and concealed pathways provide ideal conditions. Large, uninterrupted groundcovers and neglected edges can make landscapes easier for rodents to navigate and inhabit. Design can shift that balance by introducing structure, plant diversity, and clearer transitions within the garden. What Wildlife-Friendly Garden Design Looks Like in Seattle and Camano Island A well-designed wildlife garden supports ecological relationships while maintaining visual structure and clarity. Layered Planting Healthy habitat often includes several layers: • trees for canopy and nesting • shrubs for berries and shelter• perennials for seasonal nectar • selective groundcovers rather than continuous blankets Layered planting creates visual depth in the garden while supporting birds such as hummingbirds, chickadees, and thrushes. Larger predators such as hawks and owls also benefit from landscapes that support healthy prey populations. Plants That Support the Food Web Many pollinators visit flowers for nectar, but their larvae often depend on specific host plants. When these plants are present, insects become part of a functioning ecosystem rather than isolated pests. Those insects feed birds, spiders, and other beneficial predators, helping maintain balance within the landscape. Stewardship Matters Wildlife gardens are designed landscapes that continue to be observed and maintained. Seasonal pruning, managing plant spread, and maintaining visibility near structures help keep habitat healthy while preserving the beauty and usability of the garden. Habitat by Design, Not by Accident Wildlife-friendly gardens do not happen by accident. They are shaped through thoughtful plant selection, layered structure, and ongoing stewardship. When these elements work together, gardens in Seattle and on Camano Island can support birds, pollinators, and other beneficial wildlife while remaining beautiful and functional for the people who live there. This is where thoughtful design allows ecology and artistry to work together. If you are planning a garden and would like a landscape that supports wildlife without creating pest habitat, we invite you to explore our Wildlife by Design insights or schedule a consultation. → Explore Wildlife by Design → Book a Garden Consultation A healthy mix of groundcovers for shade. Photo © Lakamas Landscape Design Copyright © 2026 Lakamas Landscape Design. All text and photographs are the property of Lakamas Landscape Design unless otherwise credited. Please contact us for permission to reproduce or share.

How Landscape Designers Think About Early Spring Bloom Sequencing Red Flowering Currant in a Seattle landscape in early March. Photo by Jonna Semke In well-designed landscapes, the arrival of spring rarely happens all at once. Instead, it unfolds through a sequence of plants that bloom in succession, gradually shifting the garden from winter dormancy toward the abundance of the growing season. Landscape designers often think in terms of bloom sequencing , arranging plants so that one species comes into flower as another begins to fade. This creates continuity in the garden and ensures that seasonal change feels intentional rather than abrupt. In the maritime climate of Seattle and Camano Island, several native plants mark the beginning of this progression each year. Among the earliest are red-flowering currant ( Ribes sanguineum ) , osoberry ( Oemleria cerasiformis ) , bitter cherry ( Prunus emarginata ) , and woodland perennials such as trout lily ( Erythronium ) . All of these plants are native to the region and play an important role in both the seasonal character and ecological function of Pacific Northwest landscapes. In the landscapes we design, these early bloomers are often the first plants to signal that the garden season has begun. Early Spring Blooming Plants in Seattle and Camano Island The early stages of spring in the Pacific Northwest are often marked by a small group of native plants that bloom before the landscape fully leafs out. Gardeners searching for early spring blooming plants Seattle Camano Island  landscapes rely on often discover that many of the most important species are native shrubs and small trees. Plants such as red-flowering currant, osoberry, and bitter cherry create the first visible shift from winter dormancy toward spring growth. These species provide color, structure, and nectar resources at a time when the garden is just beginning to awaken. Red-Flowering Currant Begins the Season Red-flowering currant ( Ribes sanguineum ) is often one of the first native shrubs to begin blooming in Seattle and on Camano Island. In many gardens the earliest blossoms appear in February, well before most shrubs have leafed out. By early March, the arching branches can be covered in pendant clusters of rose-pink flowers. At this stage the garden may still appear largely dormant, which makes the activity around these blooms especially noticeable. Anna’s hummingbirds frequently visit red-flowering currant as soon as the flowers open. For landscape designers, this shrub plays an important role in establishing the first visible activity of the season. Its graceful form works well along woodland edges, in mixed shrub borders, and in naturalistic plantings where early color and wildlife support are both important. Osoberry Signals the Seasonal Shift Shortly after red-flowering currant reaches its stride, osoberry ( Oemleria cerasiformis )  begins to flower. Slender racemes of small white blossoms appear along the branches, sometimes emerging quite suddenly over the course of a few days. When osoberry comes into bloom, the seasonal transition toward spring becomes unmistakable. This native shrub is particularly valuable in ecological landscapes. It provides early nectar for insects and later in the season produces small fruits that birds readily consume. Osoberry is also a host plant for the pale swallowtail butterfly , adding another layer of ecological benefit. In landscape design, osoberry works beautifully along woodland edges and within layered plantings where its delicate flowers bring a lightness to early spring compositions. Osoberry blooming in the landscape in early March. Photo by Jonna Semke Bitter Cherry Adds the Canopy Layer As the early shrub layer continues blooming, bitter cherry ( Prunus emarginata )  begins to flower. In early spring its branches are covered in delicate white blossoms that brighten woodland margins and native planting areas. Because bitter cherry flowers slightly later than the earliest shrubs, it helps extend the bloom sequence upward into the small tree canopy. In landscape design, incorporating native trees such as bitter cherry allows seasonal interest to move vertically through the garden, creating depth and rhythm as the season progresses. Trout Lily and the Woodland Garden Layer While shrubs and small trees begin flowering above, another part of the garden is also beginning to stir at ground level. Woodland perennials such as trout lily ( Erythronium )  emerge early in the season, sending up distinctive mottled leaves that resemble the patterning of a trout’s back. These plants are among the classic spring ephemerals of Pacific Northwest forests. Their flowers appear shortly after the leaves emerge, typically in soft shades of cream or pale yellow. As the tree canopy fills in later in spring, the plants gradually retreat back into dormancy. Because of this growth cycle, trout lilies are particularly well suited to woodland-style gardens and shaded planting areas where they can take advantage of early-season light. For landscape designers, plants such as Erythronium  add an important ground layer to early spring bloom sequencing . While shrubs like red-flowering currant and osoberry provide structure and vertical presence, woodland perennials bring seasonal interest closer to the ground, enriching the composition of the garden. Oregon fawn lily blooming in early spring Why Bloom Sequencing Matters in Landscape Design In thoughtfully designed landscapes, plants are rarely selected for a single moment of peak bloom. Instead, designers arrange species so that the garden evolves steadily over time. Early spring bloomers such as red-flowering currant, osoberry, bitter cherry, and trout lily form the opening movement of this seasonal progression. Together they provide color, structure, and ecological resources at a time when many landscapes still appear dormant. Because these plants are native to the region, they also support pollinators and birds that rely on early nectar sources and habitat. Observing the Season Unfold Watching these early bloomers appear across the Maritime Northwest is one of the most reliable ways to track the arrival of spring. As the weeks progress, additional native plants such as camas, trilliums, and other woodland perennials will join the display, continuing the sequence of bloom that carries the landscape into late spring. Understanding these seasonal patterns is an important part of designing gardens that feel dynamic throughout the year while supporting the wildlife that shares these landscapes. Designing Landscapes That Evolve Through the Seasons A well-designed garden is rarely defined by a single moment of peak bloom. Instead, it unfolds gradually through the year, with each season building on the one before it. Early spring bloomers such as red-flowering currant, osoberry, bitter cherry, and trout lily represent the opening movement of that seasonal sequence. When thoughtfully incorporated into a landscape, these native plants bring color and structure to the garden while also supporting pollinators, birds, and other wildlife that depend on early nectar sources. At Lakamas Landscape Design, we approach each project with this kind of seasonal rhythm in mind, creating landscapes that feel dynamic throughout the year while reflecting the ecological character of the region. If you are considering a landscape project in Seattle, on the Eastside, in the communities north of the city, or on Camano Island , we invite you to learn more about our landscape design services.

Why flickers and other woodpeckers belong in well-designed landscapes, and what they give back to your garden LAKAMAS | WILDLIFE BY DESIGN Photo of a male Pileated Woodpecker by WDFW https://wdfw.wa.gov/species-habitats/species/dryocopus-pileatus#conservation Here’s a garden-friendly love letter to one of the Pacific Northwest’s most charismatic backyard and woodland visitors: woodpeckers (including our ground-foraging relatives, the flickers). These feathered engineers are not just fascinating to watch — they’re functional allies in healthy ecosystems and gardens big and small. Many homeowners ask how to attract woodpeckers to a garden, especially in Seattle and on Camano Island where mature trees and layered plantings create strong habitat potential. Why Woodpeckers Delight and Matter Across the Seattle area and the broader Pacific Northwest, a handful of woodpecker species, sapsuckers, and flickers bring vibrant presence and valuable ecological work to forests, parks, and even gardens. From tiny downy woodpeckers to striking pileated woodpeckers and quirky Northern Flickers, each has a niche in the tapestry of local biodiversity. Woodpeckers are more than tapping percussionists with fanciful plumage. They are keystone species  — organisms whose activities disproportionately support the richness of life around them. By excavating tree cavities and feeding on wood-boring insects, they help shape forest structure, control pest populations, and provide homes or foraging sites for many other birds and mammals. Hairy woodpeckers, Courtney Celley/USFWS, Public Domain, https://www.fws.gov/media/hairy-woodpeckers Meet the Woodpeckers of Seattle and Camano Island Here are a few characters you might see around woodlots, mature gardens, and wooded edges in Seattle and on Camano Island: Downy Woodpecker  — the tiniest woodpecker in North America, frequenting backyard trees and suet feeders, feeding on insects, larvae, and berries. Hairy Woodpecker  — larger and often mistaken for the Downy, with a longer, chisel-like bill. It favors mature trees and wooded areas, and signals structural diversity in a landscape. Northern Flicker  — a woodpecker with a twist: it often forages on the ground for ants and beetles and also enjoys berries and seeds. In western Washington, we see the red-shafted form. Pileated Woodpecker  — the iconic, crow-sized woodpecker with bold black and red markings; a powerful excavator that creates large cavities later used by owls, songbirds, and other wildlife. In well-designed Seattle and Camano Island gardens, these species are not incidental visitors. They are responding to canopy structure, insect life, retained deadwood, and the layered planting that supports a healthy ecosystem. Red-shafted northern flicker in flight, Becky Matsubara, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, https://www.fws.gov/media/red-shafted-northern-flicker-flight How to Attract Woodpeckers to a Garden Woodpeckers are wonderfully adaptable, and there are thoughtful ways to make your landscape feel like home: Food sources : Woodpeckers eat insects , especially wood-boring larvae and ants, which keeps pest populations in balance. They also relish fruits, nuts, seeds, and suet. Trees and snags : Dead or decaying wood (snags) offers foraging value and natural cavity sites. Leaving snags where safe or using large, standing logs can be beneficial. Native plants that support prey : Including keystone native trees and shrubs (like serviceberry, dogwood, and bitter cherry) supports insects and fruit that woodpeckers and other birds depend on. Nest sites : Providing large birdhouses designed for woodpeckers or retaining trees with natural cavity potential helps support breeding pairs. What Woodpeckers Do for the Garden These birds aren’t just charming to watch — they deliver real garden benefits: Natural pest control : They feed on wood-boring insects and larvae that can harm trees and shrubs. Habitat creation : Cavities excavated by woodpeckers become homes for chickadees, swallows, small owls, bats, and other wildlife once abandoned by their creators. Indicator of health : Their presence often signals a garden with a robust insect community and structural diversity (mature trees, snags, varied plant layers). Designing with Woodpeckers in Mind Incorporating bird-friendly elements into your garden not only invites woodpeckers but builds biodiversity that benefits the entire landscape. Here’s how it fits into intentional garden design: Plant layers for life : A mix of tall trees, shrubs, and groundcover supports insects, fruits, and nesting opportunities that attract birds and pollinators. Create mosaic habitats : Snags, brush piles, native berry shrubs, and water features create a mosaic of resources that benefit woodpeckers and other wildlife. Balance order and wildness : Leaving space for natural processes (like wood decay) alongside cultivated plantings fosters a dynamic, resilient garden that supports ecological webs. Downy woodpeckers, Courtney Celley/USFWS, Public Domain, https://www.fws.gov/media/downy-woodpeckers-1 Celebrating Our Feathered Neighbors Woodpeckers — from the quirky ground-foraging flicker to the deep-chisel pileated — are among the most evocative bird stories in Pacific Northwest gardens. They remind us that even the smallest tap can reverberate through an entire ecosystem, knitting together insects, plants, birds, and microbes into a living, thriving tapestry. Whether you hear the rhythmic peck of a downy woodpecker outside your window or watch a flicker dart across your lawn in pursuit of ants, there’s joy and ecological wonder in every encounter. With intentional garden design rooted in native plants, structural diversity, and habitat empathy, we can make space for these delightful birds while strengthening the living fabric of our landscapes. Woodpeckers aren’t just visitors. They’re gardeners of the forest and ambassadors of biodiversity right in our backyards. Designing for Wildlife Takes Intention Woodpeckers do not choose landscapes at random. They respond to structure, food sources, and habitat built over time. If you are planning a garden in Seattle or on Camano Island and want it to support both beauty and ecological function, we invite you to explore our landscape design services. → Explore Landscape Design Services

Vine Maples Have Beautiful Fall Color But Are Beautiful in All Seasons Red fall color with yellow and green - superb! It's fall, and what a great time to talk about Vine Maples (Acer circinatum). This small tree is perfect for an urban or suburban yard, or really, just about any yard. It does everything you ask of it - fall colors of orange, reds and yellows, and I'd say just as wonderful, lime green spring leaves that unfurl with red petioles and samaras (those adorable winged seeds). I love the color contrast, which makes my little designer heart go all aflutter. Additionally, this is a native tree to the Pacific Northwest! Compared to Japanese maples, I'd say it's a little more rustic and wilder looking, not quite as refined as the Japanese maples that have been bred for centuries to get where they are today. I love the 'straight' species, but there are some cultivars (also called 'nativars' = cultivar+native) that will fit into just about anywhere - see the link below. Although I haven't grown the Pacific Fire variety myself, it looks comparable to a Coral Bark maple (red bark and yellow fall color with lime green spring color). Vine Maple ( Acer circinatum ) Common name:  Vine Maple Origin:  Native to the Pacific Northwest — from British Columbia to northern California Size:  Typically 10–20 ft tall × 10–15 ft wide (occasionally taller in shade) Form:  Multi-stemmed small tree or large shrub Hardiness:  USDA Zones 5–9 Overview Graceful, adaptable, and quintessentially Northwest, the Vine Maple  ( Acer circinatum ) is one of our region’s most beloved native trees. Found naturally in forest understories, along streambanks, and on the edges of woodlands, it provides structure, dappled shade, and seasonal color that blend seamlessly with the surrounding landscape. In spring, fresh green or chartreuse leaves  emerge on slender, arching stems. Summer brings a tranquil canopy of layered foliage that filters light beautifully, and fall transforms the tree into a glowing mass of red, orange, and gold . Even in winter, its branching silhouette adds sculptural interest to the native garden. Spring chartreuse leaves with red seeds Features Bark:  Smooth, light green to reddish-brown on young stems Leaves:  Rounded, 7–9 lobes; bright green in spring → deep green in summer → fiery red/orange/yellow in fall Light:  Part sun to full shade; tolerates more sun in cool coastal or moist sites Soil:  Prefers moist, well-drained soils rich in organic matter; tolerates clay and sand if drainage is good Water:  Appreciates consistent moisture; drought-tolerant once established Maintenance:  Minimal; remove any crossing or damaged stems after leaf drop if needed Design Uses Vine maple is exceptionally versatile . In naturalistic gardens, it bridges the canopy and understory layers, thriving beneath tall conifers or mixed with ferns, Oregon grape, and salal. In more designed spaces, its arching multi-stemmed form  provides elegance and movement, especially when pruned lightly to emphasize structure. It performs beautifully on woodland edges, shaded slopes, or rain gardens , where its seasonal shifts complement moss, rock, and evergreen foliage. In full sun (particularly west of the Cascades), it grows denser and develops the strongest fall color, while in shade it stretches gracefully, creating sculptural lines. Ecological Value As a native species, Vine Maple plays an important role in Pacific Northwest ecosystems . It provides shelter and nesting sites for small birds, its early flowers attract pollinators, and its seeds feed native wildlife. The dappled canopy it creates helps moderate soil temperature and moisture — ideal for maintaining understory plant diversity . Because it regenerates easily from seed and resprouts from the base, it’s also valuable in restoration and reforestation projects , stabilizing slopes and providing a nurse canopy for other species. Why We Love It Few trees capture the spirit of the Pacific Northwest  like the Vine Maple. It’s beautiful in every season — fresh in spring, luminous in fall, and sculptural in winter. Its graceful, layered form and ecological value make it an essential choice for designers who want to create gardens that are both natural and enduring. Design Companions Western sword fern ( Polystichum munitum ) Evergreen huckleberry ( Vaccinium ovatum ) Oregon grape ( Mahonia aquifolium  or Mahonia nervosa ) Salal ( Gaultheria shallon ) Red-twig dogwood ( Cornus sericea ) Inside-out flower ( Vancouveria hexandra ) Design Begins with Thoughtful Plant Choices We invite you to explore our design services to see how your garden can be elevated. Vine maple leaf unfolding in the spring - looks like an accordion! Photo References Photos by Clay Antieau, used with permission https://www.wnps.org/blog/vine-maple-variations/ https://www.greatplantpicks.org/plantlists/view/30

Lakamas Winter Design Series Evergreens are particularly strong in the winter landscape Winter is the season when the true architecture of a garden comes into focus. Without the lush foliage and colorful blooms of summer, we are left with form, line, texture, and shadow—the essential structure that gives a landscape its identity. In the Pacific Northwest, where winter light is soft and the palette becomes more subdued, structure becomes especially important. It creates comfort and clarity, guides the eye, and supports the ecological life that continues long after the flowers fade. At Lakamas Landscape Design, we design winter first. A garden that holds together in January will be exceptional the rest of the year. Why Structure Matters in Winter It reveals the underlying design In winter, the “bones” of a landscape—trees, shrubs, evergreen layers, grasses, stone, and pathways—become the main event. Strong structure ensures the garden remains engaging, even in the quietest months. It supports wildlife Evergreen shrubs provide cover for songbirds. Seedheads feed finches and chickadees. Dried stems shelter overwintering pollinators. Structure is not just aesthetic—it is ecological function. It brings clarity and rhythm Repeated forms, layered heights, and intentional voids create legibility in winter. Without flowers to distract, the composition becomes more sculptural and contemplative. Elements That Create Winter Structure 1. Small Trees with Distinct Form Choose species with architectural branching, interesting bark, or upright silhouettes that catch the winter light. Acer circinatum (Vine Maple)  – Graceful branching and strong four-season presence. Hamamelis (Witch Hazel)  – Sculptural framework and late-winter flowers. Stewartia pseudocamellia  – Exfoliating bark and elegant form. Place these where they can be appreciated from the house—winter is experienced largely from inside looking out. 2. Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen Framework These are the backbone, offering consistency and holding the design through dormancy. Camellia sasanqua  – Upright form with mid-winter blooms for Anna’s hummingbirds. Osmanthus heterophyllus  – Dense, clean evergreen foliage for structure. Leucothoe ‘Scarletta’ or ‘Paisley Pup’  – Cascading mounds and winter color in shade. Mahonia ‘Soft Caress’  – Fine-textured evergreen with winter flowers. Mix upright evergreens with mounding forms to add rhythm and prevent heavy “walls of green.” 3. Deciduous Shrubs that Hold Shape Some shrubs remain visually compelling even without leaves. Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea)  – Beautiful bark and persistent dried blooms. Cornus sericea (Redtwig Dogwood)  – Winter stems that glow in low light. Fothergilla ‘Mt. Airy’  – A beautifully structured deciduous shrub with an upright, branching framework that stands out in winter. Its clean silhouette pairs well with evergreens and grasses, and the persistent seed capsules add subtle texture. A reliable four-season shrub with exceptional fall color. 4. Grasses and Perennials Left Standing Resist the urge to cut back in fall—this is where much of winter magic happens. Calamagrostis ‘Karl Foerster’  – Upright winter silhouettes that sway in wind. Panicum virgatum  – Airy seedheads and structural stems. Hakonechloa macra  – Soft mounds that hold frost and snow. Echinacea, Rudbeckia, Monarda seedheads  – Graphic shapes + food for birds. These elements catch light, add movement, and create habitat. Removing them too early eliminates the garden’s winter poetry. Designing With Winter in Mind Layer intentionally Combine evergreen backbone plants with deciduous shrubs and perennials that hold their form. Contrast is essential—solid and transparent, fine and bold. Prioritize winter sightlines Consider the views from windows, entryways, and outdoor seating areas. Winter gardens are often observed rather than occupied. Honor natural aging Lichen-covered branches, exfoliating bark, tawny grasses, and seedheads are part of the season’s beauty. Let the garden express its natural character. Support the ecosystem Leave leaves in beds, keep seedheads standing, and encourage plant communities that create shelter and forage for birds and beneficial insects. A Garden That Endures All Year A well-designed landscape doesn’t go dormant—it shifts. Winter reveals form, reveals intention, and reveals the quiet presence of the garden’s structure. By designing for winter first, we create spaces that are not only beautiful in summer, but meaningful, resilient, and alive every month of the year. If you’re ready for a garden with strong winter presence and naturalistic structure, we’d love to design something rooted in your site, climate, and sense of place. Leaving the flowers and stems are beautiful in the frost and also function as wildlife habitat

Lakamas Winter Design Series Anna's hummingbird perched on top of a Mahonia 'Arthur Menzies' Winter Evergreens for Structure, Color & Seasonal Interest Winter gardens in the Pacific Northwest are defined by structure, contrast, and subtle shifts in texture. Evergreens are the backbone, offering depth and continuity during the quiet months. In a season where deciduous plants take a rest, evergreens keep the garden looking intentional, layered, and alive. This post focuses on evergreen shrubs and groundcovers—both native and ornamental—that bring form, fragrance, foliage color, and habitat value to winter landscapes in the Seattle greater Puget Sound region. Why Evergreens Matter in Winter Design Evergreens anchor the garden year-round, but in winter they become the stars because they: Provide strong architectural structure when leaves have fallen Offer color and texture Support overwintering pollinators and shelter for birds Transition beautifully into spring without feeling stagnant Most importantly for landscape design is that when combined with deciduous shrubs, ornamental grasses, and winter-blooming plants, evergreens create a four-season design that feels balanced and richly layered. Evergreen Trees for Winter Interest Arbutus ‘Marina’ Height/Spread: 20–40 ft tall, 15–25 ft wide Winter Features: Peeling cinnamon bark, glossy evergreen foliage, and winter flowering Light: Full sun Soil: Well-drained; dislikes overwatering Design Uses: Four-season focal tree; a refined, more adaptable alternative to Pacific madrone Magnolia grandiflora ‘Bracken’s Brown Beauty’ Height/Spread: 20–30 ft tall, 12–15 ft wide Winter Features: Dense evergreen canopy, rich copper-backed leaves that glow in winter light Light: Full sun to part sun Soil: Moist, well-drained, slightly acidic Design Uses: A refined evergreen tree with year-round presence—smaller and more cold-hardy than standard Southern magnolia, ideal for urban or courtyard gardens Sciadopitys verticillata (Japanese Umbrella Pine) Height/Spread: 20–30 ft tall, 10–15 ft wide Winter Features: Unique whorled needles that hold structure and deep glossy color in winter Light: Full sun to part sun Soil: Moist, well-drained, slightly acidic; slow growing Design Uses: A sculptural, standout specimen—reads as a quiet but powerful focal point and pairs beautifully with Japanese maples and winter shadow play Evergreen Shrubs for Winter Interest Arthur Menzies Mahonia (Mahonia × media ‘Arthur Menzies’) A bold, large-scale evergreen shrub perfect for dramatic winter structure. Height/Spread: 10–12 ft tall, 6–8 ft wide Winter Features: Bright yellow fragrant plumes in December–January Cultural Notes: Part to full shade; rich, well-drained soil; drought tolerant once established Design Notes: Excellent focal point in woodland gardens; architectural form contrasts beautifully with ferns and hellebores. Wildlife Value: The Anna's hummingbirds love this plant in the winter, as it provides important food source during this time of scarcity. Sarcococca (Sweet Box) Sarcococca humilis Height/Spread: ~1–2 ft tall, slowly spreading Winter Features: Tiny but intensely fragrant white flowers in January–February Cultural Notes: Shade-loving; very tolerant of dry shade once established Design Notes: Ideal for paths, entries, and anywhere fragrance can be appreciated. Sarcococca ruscifolia / confusa Height/Spread: 3–5 ft tall, rounded form Winter Features: Fragrant white flowers followed by red-to-black berries Cultural Notes: Deep to partial shade; adaptable; low maintenance Design Notes: More upright than S. humilis; excellent for layered winter structure. Camellia (Fall & Winter Blooming Shrubs) Fall- and early-winter-blooming camellias add life and color when little else is flowering—and they provide nectar for Anna’s hummingbirds  all winter long. Excellent winter-interest choices: Camellia sasanqua ‘Yuletide’ Camellia sasanqua ‘Shishi Gashira’ Camellia sasanqua ‘Apple Blossom’ Height/Spread: 4–10 ft depending on cultivar Cultural Notes: Prefers morning sun and afternoon shade; rich, acidic, well-drained soil Design Notes: Evergreen foliage, long bloom season, excellent natural form. Evergreen Groundcovers for Winter Form & Texture Carex 'Evergold' brightens up the garden while adding texture all year long Asarum caudatum (Wild Ginger) — Native Height/Spread: 6–8 inches; slowly spreading Winter Features: Glossy evergreen leaves in mild PNW winters Cultural Notes: Moist shade; woodland perfection Design Notes: A soft, naturalistic groundcover that pairs beautifully with ferns, hellebores, and Mahonia nervosa. Ophiopogon planiscapus ‘Nigrescens’ (Black Mondo Grass) Height/Spread: 6–8 inches; clump-forming Winter Features: Reliable deep purple-black foliage Cultural Notes: Sun to shade; adaptable; slow spreader Design Notes: Provides strong color contrast in winter; excellent edging or massing plant. Carex oshimensis ‘Evergold’ Height/Spread: 10–12 inches Winter Features: Arching cream-and-green variegated blades Cultural Notes: Shade to part sun; well-drained soil Design Notes: Bright, clean color all winter; softens hard edges. Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen) Height/Spread: 6 inches Winter Features: Shiny evergreen leaves with red berries Cultural Notes: Part shade; acidic soil Design Notes: Woodland groundcover with a polished look. Paxistima myrsinites (Mountain Lover) — Native Height/Spread: 1–2 ft tall, low-moundingWinter Features: Dense, fine-textured evergreen Part shade to shade Soil: Well-drained, drought-tolerant once Uses: Excellent native alternative for low evergreen structure Putting It All Together Evergreens form the winter framework—your bones and structure. Layering them thoughtfully ensures your garden looks alive, intentional, and welcoming even on the darkest days of the year. Combine structural shrubs, textural groundcovers, fragrance, and winter flowers to create a four-season landscape that reflects the natural beauty of the Pacific Northwest. We invite you to explore how landscape design can help create a garden that is beautiful while being grounded in ecological and sustainability principals. Where to See Exceptional Winter Evergreens See the Resources Page for more information Seattle Japanese Garden A masterclass in winter structure—strong forms, evergreen bones, moss, stones, and subtle texture. Washington Park Arboretum – Witt Winter Garden One of the best  winter gardens in the Pacific Northwest. Includes glowing red- and yellow-twig dogwoods, witch hazel, evergreen pairings, and fragrance. Bellevue Botanical Garden Wonderful textural combinations and layered winter interest. Kubota Garden (Seattle) Evergreen structure, flowing forms, and year-round color through foliage. Skagit County Master Gardener Discovery Garden (Mt. Vernon) Great examples of regionally appropriate evergreens and winter combinations. Washington Native Plant Society Gardens (regional) Native-focused plantings showing winter structure, evergreen understories, and habitat value. A new planting of evergreens in a shady, naturalistic garden with Camellia 'Buttermint', Kalmia latifolia, Mahonia 'Arthur Menzies' in bloom peeking out the back, and a groundcover of Cornus canadensis (deciduous)

Western Swallowtail butterfly Creating Wildlife Habitat I got into gardening with native plants when I realized a few things: we are losing native wildlife species quickly, and I didn't know there were native plants that could be used in the garden. Additionally, I couldn't find the ones I learned about. Today I'll write a bit about creating wildlife habitat intentionally through garden design. Since then, gardening with native plants has become a movement embraced by many gardeners and designers. I'm thrilled to see this change. Arthur Kruckeberg, a local scientist at the UW, published a book called 'Gardening with Native Plants in the Pacific Northwest,' which I first read nearly 30 years ago. My husband and I used that book, along with a few other pivotal works, as the basis for creating a garden to support wildlife. Another scientist, entomologist Doug Tallamy , brought our attention to the huge loss of insects going on worldwide. He created a movement called The Homegrown National Park , advocating planting native plants to support insects, and that if people with a plot of land to nurture or a pot on a balcony banded together, we could help create a huge swath of land to help sustain native animals. Insects, for the most part, aren't sexy for most of us (sorry Arthur), but they feed those pretty birds we love to see. It's not just the butterflies and birds, lovely as they are, but also native bees that nest in the ground, moths that pollinate at night, and even moles that aerate the lawn and bring nutrients to the surface while pulling organic matter below. Who needs an aerator when we've got them already, and for free? Not just that, but other animals use those tunnels to hide in. Birds love decaying wood and leaves to forage in In my backyard in Seattle proper, not too far from Northgate, I've seen Pacific chorus frogs, the occasional otter, beaver a few blocks away, a stag, and even a northern flying squirrel - yes, they are native to the PNW! Many people come to the PNW to see our wildlife, and we can have a park in our own backyard. So, throw down some rotting wood, keep the leaves, replace some, if not all of your lawn, add some native plants and a source of water, then step back, make some popcorn and watch the magic begin. I'm so happy we are changing the way we look at beauty in the garden, and that a beautiful garden can also support the environment and wildlife. It's amazing at the changes taking place. When I'm feeling glum about environmental damage occurring, I feel heartened that so many people are working towards making this profound change. If you want to increase the amount of wildlife in your garden, please contact us for a garden design that will attract and support our wonderful birds, bees, butterflies. We'd love to help. Jonna https://www.kruckeberg.org/our-story/ https://homegrownnationalpark.org/ https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Mammals/Flying-Squirrels#:~:text=The%20southern%20flying%20squirrel%20is,and%20into%20Idaho%20and%20Montana .

How bare branches and sculptural silhouettes bring quiet elegance to the winter landscape Lakamas Winter Design Series Corylus avellana var. contorta (Contorted Filbert) Winter reveals the true bones of the garden. When deciduous trees and shrubs drop their leaves, their structure—branching patterns, silhouettes, bark textures—becomes the architecture that guides the eye through the landscape. In the Pacific Northwest, from classic Seattle neighborhoods like Magnolia to rural coastal sites, these plants bring shape, clarity, and unexpected beauty to the quiet season. Why Deciduous Structure Matters in Winter Revealing Form and Line With foliage gone, the underlying shape of each plant becomes a design feature. Japanese maples, birches, and Stewartia offer delicate tracery, strong vertical lines, or sculptural branching that read beautifully against winter skies. Even small trees can become striking focal points when positioned along pathways, near windows, or as accents within mixed borders. Light, Views, and Seasonal Transparency Deciduous plants allow winter sunlight to reach deeper into the landscape and the home. Because winter sun is low in our region, this seasonal openness is especially valuable. It also expands views across the property, revealing long sightlines that feel lost during the height of summer foliage. Acer griseum (Paperbark Maple) in winter shows its striking bark Deciduous Trees for Winter Structure Acer griseum (Paperbark Maple)  — Cinnamon-toned, exfoliating bark that glows in low winter light. Hamamelis x intermedia (Witch Hazel)  — Fragrant yellow, orange, or copper flowers on bare branches in January and February. Stewartia pseudocamellia (Japanese Stewartia)  — Mottled bark and refined branching that stand out once leaves drop. Deciduous Shrubs with Winter Interest Cornus sericea (Red- or Yellow-Twig Dogwood)  — Vibrant stems that illuminate the garden on gray days. Corylus avellana ‘Contorta’ (Contorted Filbert)  — Twisting winter branches that add sculptural character. Viburnum x bodnantense ‘Dawn’  — Fragrant, early-season pink blooms on bare wood. Deciduous or Fully Winter-Dormant Groundcovers These low-layer plants disappear in winter, creating a clean base that highlights the structure above. Geranium maculatum (Wild Geranium)  — Fully dormant in winter; reemerges early with fresh foliage. Maianthemum stellatum / Maianthemum dilatatum (Starry False Solomon’s Seal / False Lily-of-the-Valley)  — Dies back completely, returning with bright spring shoots. Polygonatum species (Solomon’s Seal)  — Herbaceous stems retreat entirely, leaving a tidy winter floor beneath shrubs and trees. Where to See Winter Deciduous Structure Regional gardens such as the Seattle Japanese Garden, the Witt Winter Garden at Washington Park Arboretum, Bellevue Botanical Garden, Kruckeberg Botanic Garden, and the NWREC Display Gardens in Mount Vernon offer excellent examples of winter silhouettes, bark color, and structural planting. Final Thoughts Deciduous trees and shrubs give winter landscapes their most essential qualities: structure, light, and quiet drama. Whether we are designing for Seattle or for coastal areas like Camano Island, choosing plants with strong winter form ensures the garden feels intentional and beautiful—even in its most pared-back season. We invite you to explore the ways that our landscape design services can create a garden that is beautiful and functional all year long. Striking stems of the Red twig Dogwood 'Midwinter Fire'