What a Nighttime Hoot Reveals About Landscape Design Great horned owl , photo credit: Jake Bonello/USFWS, Public Domain, https://www.fws.gov/media/great-horned-owl-5 A deep hoot in the dark can change how you see a garden. Recently, a Great Horned Owl called from nearby trees on a winter evening in my backyard garden in NE Seattle. Not a rapid exchange, just an occasional, resonant hoot that carried through the neighborhood. Moments like this shift perspective. A garden stops feeling like an isolated project and starts reading as part of a larger living system. Owls respond to landscapes with depth and structure. Their presence reflects gardens designed to function beautifully across seasons, not just peak bloom. In Seattle and on Camano Island, winter often reveals these relationships most clearly. Leaves are down. Sightlines open. Sound travels. Wildlife activity that goes unnoticed in busier seasons becomes easier to detect. What Owls Need From the Landscape Owls sit near the top of the backyard food web. For them to move through a neighborhood, several layers must already be in place: Mature trees for perching and roosting Habitat that supports small mammals and birds Areas with relatively low nighttime disturbance Connected canopy and green space across properties This does not require wild or unmanaged land. It requires landscapes designed with structure and ecological continuity in mind. How Garden Design Can Support Owl Habitat Good design does more than organize space. It shapes how a landscape functions over time. Meadowbrook Pond in Seattle is an urban park that is perfect for owl habitat Vertical Structure Trees anchor habitat. Even a few well-placed canopy trees create perching, shelter, and movement corridors for wildlife. Layered Planting Groundcovers, shrubs, and understory trees support insects and small creatures, which in turn support larger species. A layered garden builds resilience from the ground up. Seasonal Continuity Landscapes that provide shelter and ecological value in winter are often the ones that function best year-round. Winter structure is not just aesthetic. It is ecological. Thoughtful Management Not every corner needs to be highly manicured. Allowing natural cycles in select areas helps sustain the base of the food web. Owls as Indicators in the Garden in Seattle Owls are not garden features. They are indicators. They signal that somewhere nearby, the landscape still holds enough complexity to support life beyond the visible garden. They remind us that beauty and ecology are not competing goals. Often, they are the same work viewed from different angles. A well-designed garden does more than perform in daylight. It participates in the larger rhythms of the region. Occasionally, it announces that participation with a single call in the night. A Thoughtful Note on Rodent Control While we design landscapes that support wildlife, it’s worth mentioning one human practice that can unintentionally undermine those efforts: the use of toxic rat poisons. Many common rodenticides enter food webs and can be harmful to the very predators we hope to welcome into our landscapes. Birds of prey like owls, hawks, falcons and eagles may consume rodents that have eaten poison and suffer serious effects as a result. There are  ways to manage rodent issues without relying on poisons that accumulate in wildlife. For practical perspectives and local context, “Can we protect birds and still control rats? Yes.”  from Read the Birds Connect Seattle perspective on bird‑friendly rodent control  highlights how Seattle conservation groups are exploring alternatives that reduce harm to birds while still addressing rodent management. Or, here's another one on " Pesticides and Birds ", also from Birds Connect Seattle. The most memorable gardens do more than bloom well. They belong well. When a landscape is designed with intention, it can support both refined aesthetics and the living systems that make a place feel grounded and alive. Our Wildlife by Design series shares how gardens in our region can be both beautiful and ecologically meaningful. → Explore Wildlife by Design Northern Pygmy Owl, photo credit: Lane Wintermute/USFWS, Public Domain, https://www.fws.gov/media/northern-pygmy-owl

Healthy habitat for wildlife. Photo by Jonna Semke Not All Wildlife-Friendly Gardens Function the Same A wildlife-friendly garden is not simply a garden that feels natural or slightly untamed. Some landscapes genuinely support birds and beneficial wildlife. Others unintentionally create shelter for rodents and nuisance species. In Seattle and on Camano Island, where residential neighborhoods overlap with forests, shorelines, and greenbelts, garden design plays a real role in shaping which wildlife thrives nearby. A garden can support habitat, or it can create hiding space without supporting the food web. The difference comes down to design choices. Wildlife Support vs Pest Habitat Wildlife-supportive gardens strengthen ecological relationships. They provide food, shelter, and seasonal continuity for birds and beneficial mammals. Pest-friendly conditions often provide shelter only. They tend to favor species that adapt too well to human environments, such as rats, while offering little value to the broader ecosystem. The distinction is not about having more plants or fewer plants. It is about plant selection, structure, and stewardship. When Good Intentions Go Sideways: The Ivy Example English ivy is often planted for evergreen coverage and erosion control. It is familiar and widely available. But in the Puget Sound region, it frequently creates habitat problems. Dense ivy can: • conceal rodent burrows • create hidden travel corridors • connect ground cover to rooflines and structures • displace native plants that provide real food sources Ivy provides cover, but very little food value for birds. It simplifies the ecosystem instead of supporting it. A familiar sight in the Pacific Northwest Why Rodents Favor Dense Groundcover Rodents look for: • dense, undisturbed cover • concealed pathways • nearby food sources • dry nesting areas Large, uninterrupted groundcovers and overgrown edges can create ideal conditions. This does not mean gardens cause rodent issues. It means certain landscape patterns make life easier for them. Design can shift that balance. What Wildlife-Friendly Garden Design Looks Like in Seattle and Camano Island A well-designed wildlife garden supports diversity rather than dominance. It creates habitat that works for birds and beneficial species without creating ideal pest conditions. Layered Structure Healthy habitat includes: • trees for canopy and nesting • shrubs for berries and shelter • perennials for seasonal resources • selective groundcovers rather than continuous blankets • visible transitions near structures Layering supports birds such as hummingbirds, songbirds, hawks, and owls while maintaining healthy sightlines and airflow. Food Web Support Wildlife-supportive gardens rely on plants that contribute to the food web through: • nectar • seeds • berries • insect host relationships These elements support birds and beneficial mammals in meaningful ways rather than simply offering shelter. Stewardship as Part of Design Wildlife gardens are not abandoned gardens left to their own devices. They are designed landscapes that continue to be observed and maintained. This includes: • pruning • seasonal editing • removing invasive spread • monitoring plant balance Design and stewardship work together to keep habitat healthy. Habitat by Design, Not by Accident A wildlife-friendly garden is not about letting nature take over. It is about understanding how landscapes function as living systems. Thoughtful design helps ensure that gardens in Seattle and on Camano Island support birds and beneficial wildlife while avoiding conditions that favor pests. This is where ecology and artistry meet. It is also where professional design makes a measurable difference over time. Designing for Wildlife Takes Intention Gardens that support birds and beneficial wildlife do not happen by accident. They are shaped by plant choice, structure, and long-term stewardship. If you are planning a garden in Seattle or on Camano Island and want a landscape that is wildlife-friendly without creating pest habitat, we invite you to explore our Wildlife by Design insights or schedule a consultation. → Explore Wildlife by Design → Book a Garden Consultation A healthy mix of groundcovers for shade

Anna's Hummingbird on her nest before tree leaves out. Photo by Tara Lemiezis of Bird Alliance of Oregon Anna's Hummingbirds Nesting Season in Winter in Seattle If you’ve been seeing Anna’s hummingbirds more frequently this winter, you’re not imagining things. While most birds are still focused on survival, Anna’s hummingbirds are already turning their attention to the next generation. They are one of the earliest nesting birds in North America, and in the Pacific Northwest, their breeding season often begins before most gardens feel awake. Timing: Early, Flexible, and Weather-Driven Anna’s hummingbirds can begin breeding as early as December , with nesting activity stretching through late spring  in favorable conditions. In the Seattle and greater Puget Sound region: Courtship behavior may begin in mid-winter Nest building most often ramps up late winter into early spring Eggs and hatchlings are typically observed February through April , though timing varies year to year Cold snaps can pause activity. Mild winters and reliable food sources can accelerate it. Courtship: Aerial Acrobatics With Purpose Courtship often starts before  nests appear. Males perform dramatic U-shaped dives, climbing high and plunging past females at remarkable speed, creating a sharp chirping or buzzing sound at the lowest point of the dive. These displays are about fitness, territory, and timing. If you’re seeing repeated dives or hearing sharp, mechanical sounds overhead, breeding season is already warming up. What Nesting Females Need Once paired, females handle all nest building and chick rearing alone. Their needs are specific and surprisingly delicate: Nest materials Soft plant down Spider silk for flexibility Lichen or bark flakes for camouflage Nest placement Horizontal branches or forks Often 6–20 feet off the ground Frequently near cover, not in exposed locations Reliable food Winter and early-spring nectar sources Small insects and spiders for protein This is where garden design matters. A landscape that provides layered structure, early bloom, and undisturbed corners offers real support during nesting season. What This Means for Your Garden in the Winter Winter is when: Courtship behaviors may begin Nest site scouting can occur Gardens with winter bloom and shelter outperform others Avoid aggressive pruning of shrubs and trees through late spring when possible. That “messy” branch may be exactly where a nest is placed. Designing With Wildlife in Mind Supporting Anna’s hummingbirds isn’t about creating wilderness. It’s about designing landscapes with structure, seasonal depth, and the judgment to know when not to intervene. Every garden has the potential to support life when design decisions account for how animals actually use space, not just how it looks in summer. If you’re seeing Anna’s Hummingbirds exhibit courtship or nesting activities in the winter season in the Seattle region, your garden is already part of the story. Mama hummingbird feeding her tiny chicks early in the spring. Photo  by Tara Lemiezis of Bird Alliance of Oregon

A bumblebee on a Mahonia 'Winter Sun'. Photo credit: A French Garden What winter-active bumblebees reveal about how gardens function in Seattle LAKAMAS | WILDLIFE BY DESIGN If bumblebees are active in your garden during winter, especially around flowering shrubs like mahonia, it’s not an anomaly. It’s a sign that your landscape is offering food and shelter at one of the most vulnerable points in the year. In Seattle and on Camano Island, winter-active bumblebees are native queens emerging briefly on mild days. Winter-blooming plants like mahonia make those moments of survival possible. That short burst of activity reveals far more about how a garden functions than any summer display ever could. Why Bumblebees Are Active in Winter In the Pacific Northwest, bumblebees overwinter not as colonies, but as fertilized queens. They shelter through the coldest months and emerge briefly on mild winter days to feed before returning to cover. These winter foraging flights are not casual. Early nectar access helps determine whether a queen survives long enough to establish a new colony in spring. When food is available at the right moment, the odds improve. This is not a mistake in the seasonal calendar. It’s adaptation. Mahonia and the First Leg of the Relay Mahonia anchors the winter landscape because it offers three things at once: nectar, efficiency, and shelter. Dense flower clusters allow queens to feed quickly. Evergreen foliage creates protected microclimates. Bloom timing fills one of the most critical nectar gaps of the year. Mahonia rarely works alone. In resilient landscapes, it functions as the first handoff in a longer seasonal sequence. Other Winter Bloomers Supporting Bees and Birds Winter gardens that support wildlife rely on a small group of overlapping plants, not an exhaustive list. In Seattle and on Camano Island right now, that overlap often includes: Red-flowering currant ( Ribes sanguineum ) , beginning to open well before leaf-out and supporting both bumblebee queens and overwintering Anna’s hummingbirds. Osoberry ( Oemleria cerasiformis ) , setting buds early and signaling the next seasonal shift for insects. Winter-blooming heaths and heathers , offering steady nectar on mild days. Camellia  (select single-flowered forms), occasionally used by hummingbirds during winter bloom. Some plants are flowering. Others are preparing. Wildlife responds to both. Not Honeybees, and Not Out of Season Large, fuzzy bees active in winter are often mistaken for honeybees behaving oddly. In reality, bumblebees are native and adapted to cool, wet conditions. Honeybees remain clustered in hives through winter, relying on stored resources. Bumblebee queens do not. If you’re seeing bumblebees now, they’re doing exactly what they evolved to do. What Wildlife by Design Looks Like in Winter Winter support isn’t about planting everything. It’s about placing the right plants, in the right sequence, with restraint. Designing for wildlife in winter means: Providing bloom before spring officially arrives Allowing plants to move through winter without heavy cleanup Thinking in overlaps rather than peak moments These decisions shape whether winter becomes a bottleneck or a bridge. Designing for Wildlife The same plant can behave very differently depending on where it’s placed and what surrounds it. That’s why wildlife-supporting gardens don’t happen by accident. The observations shared here come from ongoing design work in Seattle and on Camano Island, where seasonal stress tests landscapes quickly. You’ll find related essays, plant profiles, and seasonal thinking throughout the Wildlife by Design series. A bumblebee on a Mahonia 'Arthur Menzies' in Seattle, WA Designing for Wildlife Takes Intention → Explore Wildlife by Design

(and Not Just Anyone With Clippers) The Japanese Garden at the Washington Arboretum is fine gardening at its best. The Wheelbarrow Chronicles Every garden begins as a promise. The designer arrives with sketches and vision; plants settle into their new homes; the homeowner walks outside with a hopeful mug of coffee, imagining years of beauty ahead. And then the real question arrives, trundling in like a wheelbarrow with a wobbly front tire: who will take care of this place? Because while many landscapes begin with dreams, a surprising number meet their downfall in the hands of someone who “does yards.” And we say this with affection. Mostly. We don’t want to throw anyone under the wheelbarrow, but we might gently set them there for a moment while we talk about what fine gardeners actually do. The Legends of Landscape Gone Wrong You’ve probably heard a few tales already. The beloved hydrangea that was “tidied up” into an accidental bonsai. The tree that received its annual “haircut,” despite the small detail that it blooms on old wood. The exuberant perennial border that met a weed-whacker on a Tuesday afternoon. These aren’t acts of sabotage. They’re acts of misunderstanding. Somewhere between the homeowner’s wishes, the designer’s intentions, and the crew’s task list, the message slipped quietly off the back of the wheelbarrow. This is where fine gardeners step in like botanical interpreters, turning garden chaos into long-term coherence. So What Makes a Fine Gardener Different? Fine gardeners don’t see tasks. They see stories. They hold the designer’s vision in one hand and the homeowner’s hopes in the other A designed garden is essentially a living script. Fine gardeners are the directors who keep the plot moving in the right direction. They know why a shrub is placed where it is. They know which plant is supposed to carry the late-summer scene. They know the point of the whole production. This is how gardens stay special instead of slowly morphing into “generic yard with plants.” They actually listen The horror stories almost always begin with, “But I told them…”And then something happened anyway. A fine gardener does not rely on messages passed through three layers of people. They ask, they confirm, they check in. Garden care becomes an ongoing conversation rather than a series of unearned surprises. They prune with the precision of someone defusing a botanical bomb Pruning is not a seasonal hobby. It is either a subtle art or the quickest way to make a plant question its life choices. Fine gardeners have a near-telepathic relationship with stems. They know what blooms on old wood, what buds on new, and what really shouldn’t be touched unless you enjoy suspense. They protect soil like it’s the secret recipe Because it is. Seattle and Camano Island soils are quirky, opinionated, downright eccentric at times. Fine gardeners understand when soil needs a nudge and when it needs to be left alone before it stages a protest. They spot the plot twists early A good fine gardener can detect trouble when it is still whispering. A faint wilt that shouldn’t be there. A leaf color that feels out of character. A fungus that thinks it can sneak in unnoticed. Not on their watch. Beauty and Ecology Are on the Same Team At Lakamas Landscape Design, we design gardens that are both beautiful and ecologically generous. Nectar for hummingbirds. Berries for thrushes. Layers for shelter. But all of this is woven seamlessly into the aesthetics. A well-designed, wildlife-supportive garden doesn’t look wild or chaotic; it looks intentional, elegant, and full of life. People hire a designer because they want something exceptional.A fine gardener is the person who keeps it exceptional. The Site Has Personality (and Opinions) Every site has its own microdramas: a shady corner with secret ambitions, a sunny slope with enthusiasm issues, a puddle-prone patch plotting a coup. Fine gardeners notice these patterns and adjust care accordingly. They work with the site instead of imposing one-size-fits-all chores upon it. And Now, the Wheelbarrow-Sized Truth A designed garden is like a novel with its first chapter complete. The rest depends on the gardener who takes it from here. Find someone who understands plants deeply, respects design thoroughly, listens carefully, and builds an ongoing relationship with you. This is the person who will keep your landscape moving toward the version you fell in love with. If you live in Seattle, Camano Island, or nearby and want help finding fine gardeners who work at this level, we’re always glad to help you find trusted professionals. Gorgeous Japanese Maples in the fall at the Washington Arboretum in Seattle

Designing Winter Garden Color Beyond Green The dun color of last year's flowers and stalks contrast with the blue of the rock and the green of the evergreen shrubs on a frosty day in winter When flowers step aside, structure, color, and life take the lead. The idea that gardens are dull in winter usually comes from landscapes that were never designed for  winter. When flowers fade and leaves fall, what remains is not emptiness, but clarity. Winter reveals structure, color, and life that summer foliage often hides. Evergreen form becomes essential rather than background. Bark, stem, and bud color come forward. Wildlife is easier to see. The garden shifts from abundance to intention. Like the seasons themselves, winter offers its own rewards: less weeding, more light, clearer views, and the chance to appreciate color that holds a garden together rather than competes for attention. Winter Color in the Garden In winter, color behaves differently. It isn’t fleeting or decorative. It carries weight. The most successful winter gardens rely on color that is structural rather than seasonal: evergreen foliage, bark that stands out against grey skies, stems that read from across the garden, and berries that punctuate the landscape with purpose. These elements don’t fill space. They define it. This is why evergreen structure matters so deeply in winter. Green becomes the framework everything else responds to. Without it, winter color feels scattered. With it, even restrained hues feel deliberate. Flowers, Used Sparingly and Well Winter flowers matter precisely because they are rare. When they appear, they feel intentional rather than exuberant. Witchhazel threads color into the cold months with ribbon-like blooms that glow against bare branches and dark skies. Hellebores sit low and steady, their nodding flowers rewarding those who spend time in the garden rather than glance at it from a window. Mahonia does double duty, pairing bold evergreen structure with luminous yellow flowers that feed early pollinators when little else is available. In winter, flowers are not the point of the garden, they are moments within it. Used sparingly, they heighten contrast, mark time, and remind us that color in the winter garden is most powerful when it feels earned. Red current blossoms budding out and covered in frost in front of Mexican Orange evergreen shrubs Designing for a Wet, Low-Light Season Winter in the Pacific Northwest is shaped by moisture and limited light, and good design responds to those conditions rather than fighting them. Rain deepens bark tones and intensifies foliage color. Moss softens edges and adds its own layer of green. Silver and grey foliage catch available light. Browns ground the composition instead of disappearing into the background. A winter garden designed with these realities in mind feels rich, not muted. Restraint matters more in winter. Repetition and contrast do more work than variety. Fewer colors, placed well, create cohesion that lasts through months rather than weeks. Multiple colors and textures of green add depth and all year interest Wildlife as Color and Movement One of winter’s gifts is visibility. Without dense foliage, birds and other wildlife are easier to observe. Berries, seed heads, and evergreen shelter draw them in, and their movement animates the garden long after growth has slowed. This is not incidental beauty. It’s the result of choosing plants that contribute visually and ecologically across seasons. A winter garden that supports wildlife feels active, even when growth has paused. Designing for the Long View A well-designed garden isn’t built around a single moment of peak bloom. It’s designed to carry itself across seasons, with winter treated as an equal rather than an afterthought. When evergreen structure, winter color, and habitat are considered from the start, the result is a landscape that holds together year-round and asks less of its owner when growth pauses. Winter isn’t the absence of beauty. It’s a different expression of it. One that rewards attention, intention, and design that looks beyond the obvious. If a garden feels like it disappears in winter, it isn’t a failure of the season. It’s a design opportunity. Thoughtful landscapes are designed for all seasons. When you’re ready to plan a garden with year-round presence, we invite you to connect with us. Pale yellow of deciduous grasses and black mondo grass play well with evergreen foliage of Rhododendron

🌿 Acer circinatum — Vine Maple Red fall color with yellow and green - superb! It's fall, and what a great time to talk about Vine Maples (Acer circinatum). This small tree is perfect for an urban or suburban yard, or really, just about any yard. It does everything you ask of it - fall colors of orange, reds and yellows, and I'd say just as wonderful, lime green spring leaves that unfurl with red petioles and samaras (those adorable winged seeds). I love the color contrast, which makes my little designer heart go all aflutter. Additionally, this is a native tree to the Pacific Northwest! Compared to Japanese maples, I'd say it's a little more rustic and wilder looking, not quite as refined as the Japanese maples that have been bred for centuries to get where they are today. I love the 'straight' species, but there are some cultivars (also called 'nativars' = cultivar+native) that will fit into just about anywhere - see the link below. Although I haven't grown the Pacific Fire variety myself, it looks comparable to a Coral Bark maple (red bark and yellow fall color with lime green spring color). Vine Maple ( Acer circinatum ) Common name:  Vine Maple Origin:  Native to the Pacific Northwest — from British Columbia to northern California Size:  Typically 10–20 ft tall × 10–15 ft wide (occasionally taller in shade) Form:  Multi-stemmed small tree or large shrub Hardiness:  USDA Zones 5–9 Overview Graceful, adaptable, and quintessentially Northwest, the Vine Maple  ( Acer circinatum ) is one of our region’s most beloved native trees. Found naturally in forest understories, along streambanks, and on the edges of woodlands, it provides structure, dappled shade, and seasonal color that blend seamlessly with the surrounding landscape. In spring, fresh green or chartreuse leaves  emerge on slender, arching stems. Summer brings a tranquil canopy of layered foliage that filters light beautifully, and fall transforms the tree into a glowing mass of red, orange, and gold . Even in winter, its branching silhouette adds sculptural interest to the native garden. Spring chartreuse leaves with red seeds Features Bark:  Smooth, light green to reddish-brown on young stems Leaves:  Rounded, 7–9 lobes; bright green in spring → deep green in summer → fiery red/orange/yellow in fall Light:  Part sun to full shade; tolerates more sun in cool coastal or moist sites Soil:  Prefers moist, well-drained soils rich in organic matter; tolerates clay and sand if drainage is good Water:  Appreciates consistent moisture; drought-tolerant once established Maintenance:  Minimal; remove any crossing or damaged stems after leaf drop if needed Design Uses Vine maple is exceptionally versatile . In naturalistic gardens, it bridges the canopy and understory layers, thriving beneath tall conifers or mixed with ferns, Oregon grape, and salal. In more designed spaces, its arching multi-stemmed form  provides elegance and movement, especially when pruned lightly to emphasize structure. It performs beautifully on woodland edges, shaded slopes, or rain gardens , where its seasonal shifts complement moss, rock, and evergreen foliage. In full sun (particularly west of the Cascades), it grows denser and develops the strongest fall color, while in shade it stretches gracefully, creating sculptural lines. Ecological Value As a native species, Vine Maple plays an important role in Pacific Northwest ecosystems . It provides shelter and nesting sites for small birds, its early flowers attract pollinators, and its seeds feed native wildlife. The dappled canopy it creates helps moderate soil temperature and moisture — ideal for maintaining understory plant diversity . Because it regenerates easily from seed and resprouts from the base, it’s also valuable in restoration and reforestation projects , stabilizing slopes and providing a nurse canopy for other species. Why We Love It Few trees capture the spirit of the Pacific Northwest  like the Vine Maple. It’s beautiful in every season — fresh in spring, luminous in fall, and sculptural in winter. Its graceful, layered form and ecological value make it an essential choice for designers who want to create gardens that are both natural and enduring. Design Companions Western sword fern ( Polystichum munitum ) Evergreen huckleberry ( Vaccinium ovatum ) Oregon grape ( Mahonia aquifolium  or Mahonia nervosa ) Salal ( Gaultheria shallon ) Red-twig dogwood ( Cornus sericea ) Inside-out flower ( Vancouveria hexandra ) Vine maple leaf unfolding in the spring - looks like an accordion! Photo References Photos by Clay Antieau, used with permission https://www.wnps.org/blog/vine-maple-variations/ https://www.greatplantpicks.org/plantlists/view/30 #APLDWA #GardenDesign #NativePlants #Seattle #CamanoIsland

Lakamas Winter Design Series James Roof Silktassel blooms in the winter with long icicle-like tendrils Winter reveals the true bones of a landscape. In Seattle and Camano Island, where soft light and cool, wet soils define the season, native evergreens bring essential structure, texture, and ecological function. Thoughtfully chosen evergreen shrubs and groundcovers create a layered, winter-ready framework that feels deeply tied to the region. Below is a focused look at native evergreen shrubs and groundcovers—organized by size and function—that bring beauty and resilience to winter gardens without overwhelming residential spaces. Large Evergreen Shrubs: The Structural Backbone These shrubs offer the height, mass, and evergreen presence that anchor winter plantings in small and mid-sized gardens. Silktassel ‘James Roof’ ( Garrya elliptica  ‘James Roof’) A naturally occurring variant, ‘James Roof’ is a selected form of the West Coast’s native silktassel, chosen for its long, elegant catkins and compact, garden-friendly habit. The straight species can grow far too large for most residential landscapes, sometimes reaching a small-tree scale. In contrast, ‘James Roof’ typically matures around 6–10 feet tall  and up to 10 feet wide , making it well suited to smaller properties in Seattle and Camano Island. Its evergreen leaves provide year-round structure, and the dramatic winter catkins add distinctive seasonal interest. While wind-pollinated and not a nectar source, its dense foliage offers excellent winter shelter and nesting cover  for small birds. Pacific Rhododendron ( Rhododendron macrophyllum ) Our state flower provides a strong evergreen framework through winter. Its broad, matte leaves create calm, architectural planes that balance finer textures in the garden. Pacific rhododendron feels especially at home in lightly shaded, woodland-inspired plantings, offering a sense of quiet permanence. And when it blooms in the spring, it is full of stunning pink blossoms. Tall Oregon Grape ( Mahonia aquifolium ) This standout broadleaf evergreen brings glossy foliage that shifts to bronzy or reddish tones in cold weather. In late winter, bright yellow flowers appear—an essential nectar source for early pollinators and Anna’s hummingbirds. As a structural shrub, it anchors winter compositions while supporting ecological diversity. Arctostaphylos (Manzanita) — Selected Native Species An iconic Western evergreen shrub, Arctostaphylos  brings sculptural winter presence with its smooth, mahogany bark and sinuous branching. Several native species and regional selections remain compact enough for residential landscapes in Seattle and Camano Island, thriving where drainage is excellent and soils stay lean. In winter gardens, manzanita’s evergreen leaves, architectural form, and soft winter bloom (on select species) add quiet elegance and year-round habitat value. It pairs beautifully with grasses, Mahonia, and dry-site natives. It is more of a southern Oregon or California native, but with it's stunning exfoliating, cinnamon or merlot colored bark, it is a great option for us in the more northern part of the country. Small Evergreen Shrubs: Texture, Depth, and Seasonal Continuity These smaller shrubs create the middle layer of the winter garden, bridging tall structural plants with the groundplane. Cascade Oregon Grape ( Mahonia nervosa ) A low, layered native shrub ideal for dry shade and under conifers. Its tiered leaf structure and rich winter color create depth in winter plantings, making it an excellent connector between cultivated and natural spaces. Salal ( Gaultheria shallon ) One of the most adaptable and reliable native evergreens. Its leathery leaves hold beautifully through winter storms, forming a dense, unifying layer from sunlit openings to deep shade. In winter compositions, salal provides continuity between more expressive shrubs. Western Sword Fern ( Polystichum munitum ) Though not a shrub botanically, sword fern functions like one in winter design. Its persistent evergreen fronds supply fine texture and structure when much of the garden is dormant. It softens transitions, stabilizes slopes, and brings woodland texture into cultivated spaces. Groundcovers: The Winter Carpet Groundcovers knit the winter garden together, filling the spaces left bare when perennials die back, keeping the landscape visually cohesive. Wild Ginger ( Asarum caudatum ) A superb evergreen for deep shade and to part sun. Its heart-shaped leaves remain full through winter, creating a lush, grounding layer beneath taller shrubs. It blooms in early spring with maroon, hard to spot flowers, and digging around this plant any time of year is a pleasure, as it exudes a delicious ginger scent. Penstemon cardwellii A graceful evergreen subshrub native to rocky slopes. Its small, glossy leaves form soft winter mats that brighten quiet corners and thrive in well-drained soils. In winter, it adds subtle structure and texture without requiring much space. Coastal Strawberry ( Fragaria chiloensis ) A hardy, evergreen groundcover native to coastal bluffs—ideal for Camano Island and sunny pockets in Seattle. It spreads gently, stays green all winter, and offers both erosion control and early-season pollinator support. Designing With Native Evergreens in Winter A successful winter garden uses layering  to build depth and coherence: Large shrubs provide the backbone , giving structure and enclosure. Small shrubs add density and mid-layer interest , forming the essential bridge between tall and low elements. Groundcovers fill winter gaps , maintaining continuity when herbaceous layers retreat. Together, these species create resilient, expressive winter gardens rooted in the character of Seattle and Camano Island—gardens that remain engaging, textural, and ecologically supportive even in the quietest season. At Lakamas Landscape Design, we specialize in creating naturalistic, ecologically grounded gardens that feel at home in Seattle and Camano Island. If you’re planning a new landscape or considering a winter renovation, we welcome you to reach out. We would be glad to help you shape a garden that thrives across all seasons. Mahonia 'Arthur Menzies' preparing to bloom in late fall #APLDWA #WinterGardening #EvergreenPlants #GardenDesign #Seattle #CamanoIsland

Lakamas Winter Design Series Evergreens are particularly strong in the winter landscape Winter is the season when the true architecture of a garden comes into focus. Without the lush foliage and colorful blooms of summer, we are left with form, line, texture, and shadow—the essential structure that gives a landscape its identity. In the Pacific Northwest, where winter light is soft and the palette becomes more subdued, structure becomes especially important. It creates comfort and clarity, guides the eye, and supports the ecological life that continues long after the flowers fade. At Lakamas Landscape Design, we design winter first. A garden that holds together in January will be exceptional the rest of the year. Why Structure Matters in Winter It reveals the underlying design In winter, the “bones” of a landscape—trees, shrubs, evergreen layers, grasses, stone, and pathways—become the main event. Strong structure ensures the garden remains engaging, even in the quietest months. It supports wildlife Evergreen shrubs provide cover for songbirds. Seedheads feed finches and chickadees. Dried stems shelter overwintering pollinators. Structure is not just aesthetic—it is ecological function. It brings clarity and rhythm Repeated forms, layered heights, and intentional voids create legibility in winter. Without flowers to distract, the composition becomes more sculptural and contemplative. Elements That Create Winter Structure 1. Small Trees with Distinct Form Choose species with architectural branching, interesting bark, or upright silhouettes that catch the winter light. Acer circinatum (Vine Maple)  – Graceful branching and strong four-season presence. Hamamelis (Witch Hazel)  – Sculptural framework and late-winter flowers. Stewartia pseudocamellia  – Exfoliating bark and elegant form. Place these where they can be appreciated from the house—winter is experienced largely from inside looking out. 2. Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen Framework These are the backbone, offering consistency and holding the design through dormancy. Camellia sasanqua  – Upright form with mid-winter blooms for Anna’s hummingbirds. Osmanthus heterophyllus  – Dense, clean evergreen foliage for structure. Leucothoe ‘Scarletta’ or ‘Paisley Pup’  – Cascading mounds and winter color in shade. Mahonia ‘Soft Caress’  – Fine-textured evergreen with winter flowers. Mix upright evergreens with mounding forms to add rhythm and prevent heavy “walls of green.” 3. Deciduous Shrubs that Hold Shape Some shrubs remain visually compelling even without leaves. Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea)  – Beautiful bark and persistent dried blooms. Cornus sericea (Redtwig Dogwood)  – Winter stems that glow in low light. Fothergilla ‘Mt. Airy’  – A beautifully structured deciduous shrub with an upright, branching framework that stands out in winter. Its clean silhouette pairs well with evergreens and grasses, and the persistent seed capsules add subtle texture. A reliable four-season shrub with exceptional fall color. 4. Grasses and Perennials Left Standing Resist the urge to cut back in fall—this is where much of winter magic happens. Calamagrostis ‘Karl Foerster’  – Upright winter silhouettes that sway in wind. Panicum virgatum  – Airy seedheads and structural stems. Hakonechloa macra  – Soft mounds that hold frost and snow. Echinacea, Rudbeckia, Monarda seedheads  – Graphic shapes + food for birds. These elements catch light, add movement, and create habitat. Removing them too early eliminates the garden’s winter poetry. Designing With Winter in Mind Layer intentionally Combine evergreen backbone plants with deciduous shrubs and perennials that hold their form. Contrast is essential—solid and transparent, fine and bold. Prioritize winter sightlines Consider the views from windows, entryways, and outdoor seating areas. Winter gardens are often observed rather than occupied. Honor natural aging Lichen-covered branches, exfoliating bark, tawny grasses, and seedheads are part of the season’s beauty. Let the garden express its natural character. Support the ecosystem Leave leaves in beds, keep seedheads standing, and encourage plant communities that create shelter and forage for birds and beneficial insects. A Garden That Endures All Year A well-designed landscape doesn’t go dormant—it shifts. Winter reveals form, reveals intention, and reveals the quiet presence of the garden’s structure. By designing for winter first, we create spaces that are not only beautiful in summer, but meaningful, resilient, and alive every month of the year. If you’re ready for a garden with strong winter presence and naturalistic structure, we’d love to design something rooted in your site, climate, and sense of place. Leaving the flowers and stems are beautiful in the frost and also function as wildlife habitat #WinterGardening #APLDWA #GardenDesign #Seattle #CamanoIsland

Pacific Chorus frogs thrive in seasonal wetlands, filling late winter nights with their unmistakable calls. Photo credit Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Introduction If you’ve ever paused in the damp twilight of a Seattle or Camano Island garden and heard a voice far larger than the creature producing it, you’ve been in the company of the Pacific Chorus frog  ( Pseudacris regilla ). This tiny amphibian is a signature species of Cascadia’s soundscape, adaptable, charming, and astonishingly resilient. In this post, we explore where they live, how they overwinter, how to encourage the vernal pools they adore, and what these frogs contribute to an ecologically vibrant landscape. Where Pacific Chorus Frogs Live Pacific Chorus frogs occupy a remarkable range of habitats: wet meadows, forest edges, marshes, suburban backyards, and even container-style mini-wetlands. They spend much of the year traveling through leaf litter and shrub layers, using the cool, shaded textures of naturalistic gardens as safe pathways. In the Pacific Northwest, especially near Seattle and Camano Island, they are strongly associated with vernal pools —shallow, seasonal rain-fed basins that fill in fall and winter and recede as days warm. Fun Facts State Frog of Washington You Can Hear Them Before You Ever See Them Despite their tiny size, Pacific Chorus frogs are loud enough to be heard from hundreds of feet away—sometimes even with the windows closed. How They Overwinter Shallow Refuge They slip into natural crevices beneath stones, logs, and soil. They do not dig deep burrows. Freeze Tolerance Their bodies use natural cryoprotectants that protect vital organs even when temperatures dip below freezing. Moisture + Cover Duff, mulch, and layered vegetation create the humid microclimates they depend on. What They Need from a Garden 1. A Seasonal Wet Spot (Vernal Pool Potential) Most homeowners don’t want a formal pond, and Pacific Chorus frogs don’t need one. They are specialists in temporary water , the seasonal wetlands that appear and disappear each year. Ways to encourage a natural vernal pool: Honor natural low spots  instead of aggressively draining them. Remove turf, not soil , to improve infiltration. Create a broad, shallow depression  just 2–6 inches deep. Avoid liners  so water can slowly infiltrate, mimicking natural pools Let leaf litter gather , enriching the basin and sheltering eggs. Plant wet-tolerant natives , such as: Slough sedge  ( Carex obnupta ) Small-fruited bulrush  ( Scirpus microcarpus ) Douglas’ spirea  ( Spiraea douglasii ) Pacific willow  ( Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra ) Hardhack  ( Spiraea douglasii var. menziesii ) Seasonal wet areas help frogs breed while preventing fish—which eat eggs—from establishing. When Tadpoles Can Survive Without a Pool Pacific Chorus frog tadpoles develop quickly, perfectly attuned to the rhythm of seasonal water. Typical Timeline in Seattle & Camano Island Eggs hatch:  7–14 days after being laid (usually February–April) Active tadpole stage:  6–12 weeks Metamorphosis:  April–June Froglets leave the pool:  late May through mid-July The Critical Milestone Tadpoles can survive without a pool once they have: all four legs a mostly resorbed tail, and transitioned to breathing air. This fully metamorphosed stage allows them to disperse into moist vegetation and shaded garden areas. What This Means for Gardeners If your vernal pool dries by late spring or early summer , it typically syncs with metamorphosis. Drying too early can interrupt development, but a pool that lasts into early summer usually supports the entire life cycle. This elegant timing is one of the triumphs of Pacific Northwest amphibian ecology. 2. Layered Plantings (Their Highway System) Salal  ( Gaultheria shallon )• Red huckleberry  ( Vaccinium parvifolium )• Oregon grape  ( Mahonia aquifolium )• Sword fern  ( Polystichum munitum ) 3. Safe Travel Corridors Mixed shrub borders and soft edges help them move through a landscape unobserved. 4. A Light Touch on Chemicals (or None) Their skin absorbs everything. A chemical-heavy garden is effectively a no-entry zone. 5. Microhabitats, Not Perfection Rotting logs, rocks set into soil, messy corners, and leaf piles offer essential shelter. The Reward: Their Nighttime Chorus Supporting habitat for Pacific Chorus frogs comes with a vivid seasonal payoff: their unmistakable evening singing . When They Sing First calls may begin late January  in mild winters. Peak singing occurs February through April . In cool, shaded areas near lingering water, calling may continue into early June . Their sharp, rhythmic “kreck-ek-ek” calls transform dusk into a kind of shimmering acoustical tapestry, one of the great sensory rewards of gardening with ecology in mind. The Benefits of Pacific Chorus Frogs 1. Natural Pest Control Adults eat mosquitoes, flies, beetles, spiders, and small insects. Tadpoles filter organic material and help keep water clearer. 2. Indicators of Ecological Health They are sensitive to toxins and water quality, making their presence a sign of a clean, functioning garden ecosystem. 3. Food-Web Support They support native predators such as garter snakes ( Thamnophis  spp.), certain birds, and small mammals. 4. Soil + Hydrology Benefits By inhabiting moist zones, they help balance insect populations and contribute to nutrient cycling. 5. Joy and Seasonal Markers Their songs signal winter’s loosening grip. They create a soundscape unique to the Pacific Northwest. Why Vernal Pools Matter Vernal pools provide a fish-free, seasonal nursery—exactly what these frogs need. Even a small pool can meaningfully increase biodiversity in a residential garden. Pacific Chorus Frog in a vernal pool. Photo by Teal Waterstradt, NSFWS A Personal Note Frogs were some of the first creatures to spark my fascination with the living world. As a child, I spent summers at a lake in Saskatchewan where they seemed to occupy every inch of shoreline and water—darting through reeds, sunning on rocks, announcing themselves from dusk to dark. And then, over just a few years, they vanished. Habitat loss, water quality issues, disease, drought, and a tightening web of stressors swept through, and they never returned. Later, in suburban Vancouver, I welcomed tree frogs into my own garden—tiny ambassadors of a thriving landscape. But even there, their presence faded. It’s been years since I’ve seen one. Perhaps that’s why designing gardens that support wildlife feels so meaningful. Each project becomes a small act of restoration, a way of stitching back some of what’s been unraveled. And as I continue creating spaces that hold water, shelter, texture, and life, I look forward to the day the frogs return and the garden begins to sing again. Build a Garden That Sings Dreaming of a wildlife-friendly garden on Seattle or Camano Island? We create landscapes where artistry meets ecology, weaving habitat into gardens of every scale. If you’re curious about integrating vernal pools, natural hydrology, or wildlife-friendly design, we would be delighted to help. Resources for Further Learning Pacific Chorus Frogs Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife Amphibian Guide Burke Museum: Amphibians of Washington Northwest Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife: Living with Wildlife BC Reptiles and Amphibians Animal Spot Vernal Pools Vernal Pool Flora of the Pacific Northwest State of Washington Department of Ecology: Wetlands Through the Seasons Ecological Landscape Alliance:   Strategies to Protect Vernal Pools in the Built Environment: Raising Awareness Where to Find Tree Frogs? Check out The Tree Frog Trail at Magnusson Park in Seattle in the early spring. Please add to the comments below if you know of other great and easily accessible places to find them in our greater Cascadia region. #APLDWA #WinterGardening #PacificChorusFrogs #WildlifeGardens #Seattle #CamanoIsland

Plant Profile Series — Native Shrubs for Seattle and Camano Island Osoberry flowers are among the earliest of the season, appearing in late winter in Seattle. Photo by Jonna Semke Osoberry Osoberry is one of the earliest signs of spring in the Pacific Northwest. Blooming in late winter when most shrubs remain dormant, Osoberry brings movement, subtle fragrance, and ecological value to both cultivated gardens and naturalistic designs. In Seattle and Camano Island landscapes, it signals the shift toward longer days and becomes an important nectar source when few others are available. Osoberry is a fast-growing, multi-stemmed native shrub that plays an essential role in regional woodland ecology. Its early blooms nourish emerging pollinators, its summer fruit supports birds, and its airy structure softens transitions between cultivated and natural areas. In gardens where we aim to honor the local landscape character, Osoberry offers authenticity without demanding space or attention. Below is a closer look at this distinctive native shrub—its traits, seasonal interest, cultural needs, and design applications for Seattle and Camano Island gardens. Botanical Description: Structure, Form, and Identity Botanical Name: Oemleria cerasiformis Common Names: Indian Plum, Osoberry Size and Habit: Multi-stemmed deciduous shrub typically 6–15 feet tall  and 6–12 feet wide , depending on light and soil. Growth is upright yet open, creating a woodland character rather than a dense hedge. Native Range: Pacific Northwest—from British Columbia south to Northern California. Notable Characteristics: Dioecious (separate male and female plants) Pendulous, white, early-season flowers Small purple fruit on female plants Bright chartreuse spring foliage Seasonal Interest: A Shrub that Signals Spring Late-Winter Blooming The pretty, dainty flowers of Osoberry are an early nectar source for hummingbirds, moths, and insects. Osoberry is one of the first shrubs to flower each year, often in February. Delicate white blossoms hang from bare stems, bringing brightness and subtle scent to winter gardens. These early flowers are critical nectar resources for overwintering pollinators. Fresh Spring Growth New leaves emerge a vibrant chartreuse, creating a luminous backdrop against darker evergreens or woodland understories. This early flush of foliage sets the tone for spring in naturalistic plantings. Fruit for Wildlife Female plants produce small drupes that ripen from green to purple. While understated visually, they provide important early-season food for robins, waxwings, towhees, and other songbirds. Graceful Summer Structure Even as a deciduous shrub, Osoberry maintains a soft, loose architecture through the growing season, blending well into layered ecological gardens. Fun Fact Sidebar: A Taste of Spring Did you know? The earliest spring leaves of Osoberry are edible and taste remarkably like fresh cucumber . Indigenous communities in the Pacific Northwest occasionally harvested these tender leaves as one of the first edible greens of the season. While we do not generally recommend nibbling on garden plants, this unique characteristic adds a charming piece of cultural and botanical history to share when introducing Osoberry into a landscape. Ecological Value: Supporting Early Pollinators and Birds Osoberry plays a keystone role in early-season habitat structures across our region. Its flowers appear when few others bloom, giving pollinators a rare food source. As a pioneer species, it establishes quickly on disturbed soils and forms part of the natural succession in woodlands and ravines. Osoberry flowers are pollinated by hummingirds, butterflies, native bees and other insections. Their fruit, which look like tiny plums, is eaten by birds such as cedar waxwings. For residential landscapes in Seattle and Camano Island, Osoberry helps connect cultivated spaces with nearby forest fragments. Its fruits feed birds, its structure offers cover, and its timing adds ecological rhythm to designed landscapes. The colorful fruit of Ososberry in early summer Growing Conditions: Light, Soil, and Water Needs Light Prefers partial shade to full shade . It tolerates filtered sun but may show stress in hot, exposed settings. Soil Thrives in just about any conditions, It adapts well to clay, loam, and sandy textures with minimal amendment—aligned with our design philosophy of working with existing soil rather than over-modifying it. Water Requires supplemental water during establishment. Once rooted, it becomes drought-tolerant and completes much of its growth cycle before the dry season. Hardiness Fully hardy in Seattle and Camano Island climates. Design Uses: How Osoberry Enhances the Landscape Osoberry works beautifully in naturalistic, woodland, and transition spaces where structure, seasonality, and ecological value matter. Woodland Edges Softens boundaries between garden and forest, maintaining visual continuity. Shady Slopes and Ravines Performs well on slopes, adding texture and stabilizing root systems. Pollinator-Forward Designs Provides the earliest nectar source in the garden, supporting pollinator health before spring perennials emerge. Understory Layering Pairs well with sword ferns, low Oregon Grape, Wild Ginger, Pacific ninebark, and other native woodland species. Naturalistic Frameworks Adds subtle seasonality without overwhelming smaller gardens. Maintenance Notes Requires minimal pruning; retain its natural, arching habit. Avoid unnecessary fertilizing—Osoberry is adapted to lean soils. To ensure fruit production, include both male and female plants or source a known female if wildlife value is desired. Designing With Osoberry A successful native woodland composition uses shrubs like Osoberry to introduce structure and seasonal progression. Its early flowers, luminous spring foliage, and wildlife value make it an essential component of layered, ecologically grounded gardens. In Seattle and Camano Island landscapes, Osoberry embodies the quiet beauty of the region. It bridges cultivated and natural areas, supports biodiversity, and signals the seasonal rhythm that defines our place. At Lakamas Landscape Design, we specialize in designing with native and non-native plants to create resilient, expressive gardens rooted in the Pacific Northwest. If you’re exploring options for a woodland garden or a naturalistic renovation, we would be glad to help determine whether Osoberry is the right fit for your site. #GardenDesign #APLD #NativePlants #SeattleWA #CamanoIsland

How bare branches and sculptural silhouettes bring quiet elegance to the winter landscape Lakamas Winter Design Series Corylus avellana var. contorta (Contorted Filbert) Winter reveals the true bones of the garden. When deciduous trees and shrubs drop their leaves, their structure—branching patterns, silhouettes, bark textures—becomes the architecture that guides the eye through the landscape. In the Pacific Northwest, from classic Seattle neighborhoods like Magnolia to rural coastal sites, these plants bring shape, clarity, and unexpected beauty to the quiet season. Why Deciduous Structure Matters in Winter Revealing Form and Line With foliage gone, the underlying shape of each plant becomes a design feature. Japanese maples, birches, and Stewartia offer delicate tracery, strong vertical lines, or sculptural branching that read beautifully against winter skies. Even small trees can become striking focal points when positioned along pathways, near windows, or as accents within mixed borders. Light, Views, and Seasonal Transparency Deciduous plants allow winter sunlight to reach deeper into the landscape and the home. Because winter sun is low in our region, this seasonal openness is especially valuable. It also expands views across the property, revealing long sightlines that feel lost during the height of summer foliage. Acer griseum (Paperbark Maple) in winter shows its striking bark Deciduous Trees for Winter Structure Acer griseum (Paperbark Maple)  — Cinnamon-toned, exfoliating bark that glows in low winter light. Hamamelis x intermedia (Witch Hazel)  — Fragrant yellow, orange, or copper flowers on bare branches in January and February. Stewartia pseudocamellia (Japanese Stewartia)  — Mottled bark and refined branching that stand out once leaves drop. Deciduous Shrubs with Winter Interest Cornus sericea (Red- or Yellow-Twig Dogwood)  — Vibrant stems that illuminate the garden on gray days. Corylus avellana ‘Contorta’ (Contorted Filbert)  — Twisting winter branches that add sculptural character. Viburnum x bodnantense ‘Dawn’  — Fragrant, early-season pink blooms on bare wood. Deciduous or Fully Winter-Dormant Groundcovers These low-layer plants disappear in winter, creating a clean base that highlights the structure above. Geranium maculatum (Wild Geranium)  — Fully dormant in winter; reemerges early with fresh foliage. Maianthemum stellatum / Maianthemum dilatatum (Starry False Solomon’s Seal / False Lily-of-the-Valley)  — Dies back completely, returning with bright spring shoots. Polygonatum species (Solomon’s Seal)  — Herbaceous stems retreat entirely, leaving a tidy winter floor beneath shrubs and trees. Where to See Winter Deciduous Structure Regional gardens such as the Seattle Japanese Garden, the Witt Winter Garden at Washington Park Arboretum, Bellevue Botanical Garden, Kruckeberg Botanic Garden, and the NWREC Display Gardens in Mount Vernon offer excellent examples of winter silhouettes, bark color, and structural planting. Final Thoughts Deciduous trees and shrubs give winter landscapes their most essential qualities: structure, light, and quiet drama. Whether we are designing for Seattle or for coastal areas like Camano Island, choosing plants with strong winter form ensures the garden feels intentional and beautiful—even in its most pared-back season. Striking stems of the Red twig Dogwood 'Midwinter Fire' #APLDWA #WinterGardening #GardenDesign #DeciduousPlants